Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Grading practices: The construction and use of background knowledge in evaluative decision-making

  • Published:
Human Studies Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Bittner, E. 1967. The police on skid-row: A study of peace keeping.American Sociological Review.32 669–715.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cicourel, A. V. 1973.Cognitive sociology. London: MacMillan and Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cicourel, A. V., & Kitsuse, J. 1963.The educational decision-makers. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merril.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diederich, P. 1974.Measuring growth in english. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emerson, R. M. 1969.Judging delinquents. Chicago: Aldine.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emerson, Robert M. 1981. On last resorts.American Journal of Sociology, 87 1–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garfinkel, H. 1967.Studies in ethnomethodology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg, P. 1968. Are women prejudiced against women?Transaction, 28–30.

  • Hasenfeld, Y. 1972. People processing organizations: An exchange approach.American Sociological Review, 37 256–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leiter, K. 1974. Ad-hocing in the schools. InLanguage use and school performance Cicourel, A., Cicourel K., Jennings, S., Jennings, K., Leiter, R., MacKay, H. Mehan & D. Roth, eds. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leiter, K. 1976. Teachers use of background knowledge to interpret test scores.Sociology of Education, 49 59–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leiter, K. 1980.A primer on ethnomethodology. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosner, B. 1966. The New York State Composition Project. Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the National Council of Teachers of English.

  • Rubinstein, J. 1973.City police. New York: Ballantine Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schutz, A. 1962.The problems of social reality. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sudnow, D. 1965. Normal crimes: Sociological features of the penal code in a public defender's office.Social Problems 24 255–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, J. Q. 1968. The Police and the delinquent in two cities. InControlling delinquents ed. S. Wheeler, New York: John Wiley and Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman, D. 1970. The practicalities of rule-use. InUnderstanding everyday life ed. J. Douglas, Chicago: Aldine.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Sociology, University of California, 90024, Los Angeles, CA

    James A. Holstein

Authors
  1. James A. Holstein
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

I wish to thank Robert M. Emerson and Melvin Pollner for their thoughtful comments on, and criticisms of, earlier drafts of this article, as well as for their ongoing support and encouragement.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Holstein, J.A. Grading practices: The construction and use of background knowledge in evaluative decision-making. Hum Stud 6, 377–392 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02127770

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02127770

Keywords

Search

Navigation