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Le poids, les habitudes alimentaires et l'activité physique dans la population en Suisse: le projet MONICA

Gewicht, Ernährungsgewohnheiten und körperliche Aktivität in der Schweizer Bevölkerung: das MONICA-Projekt

Weight, nutritional habits and physical activity in Switzerland: the MONICA-Project

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Sozial- und Präventivmedizin

Résumé

La première enquête de prévalence des facteurs de risque pour les maladies cardio-vasculaires qui a été effectuée auprès de la population des cantons de Vaud, Fribourg et du Tessin, dans le cadre du Projet MONICA, a permis de décrire la distribution de l'indice de masse corporelle. Entre 25 et 74 ans, près d'une personne sur 4 a un excès de poids préjudiciable à sa santé, cette proportion étant même de plus de 1 sur 3 chez les hommes tessinois. Cet état de fait n'est peut-être pas irrémédiable puisque 1 femme sur 3 et 1 homme sur 5 a modifié ses habitudes alimentaires dans le sens d'une nourriture plus saine et moins énergétique au cours des 12 mois précédant l'enquête. Cependant une activité physique régulière, susceptible d'avoir un rôle préventif sur la survenue des maladies cardio-vasculaires et qui pourrait contribuer à la diminution de la fréquence de l'obésité, n'est exercée que par moins de la moitié de la population en moyenne. C'est probablement l'exercice régulier d'activités sportives qui permettrait le plus d'augmenter le niveau général de l'activité physique dans la population puisque peu de personnes exercent une profession exigeant d'intenses efforts physiques.

Zusammenfassung

Im Rahmen der ersten bevölkerungsbezogenen Risikofaktorenerhebung des MONICA-Projektes (MONItoring of trends and determinants in CArdiovascular disease) in den Kantonen Waadt, Freiburg und Tessin wurde auch das Körpergewicht (Massenindex) einbezogen. Jeder vierte Erwachsene (25–74 Jahre) hat ein seiner Gesundheit abträgliches Mass an Uebergewicht, bei den Tessinern betrifft dies sogar jeden dritten. Veränderungen sind jedoch denkbar: jede dritte Frau und jeder fünfte Mann hat in den letzten 12 Monaten vor der Untersuchung die Ernährungsgewohneiten in einem günstigen Sinn geändert. Umgekehrt erweist sich als ungünstig für die kardiovaskuläre Prävention, dass weniger als die Hälfte der Bevölkerung eine entsprechende körperliche Aktivität aufweist. Ein Ersatz an körperlicher Aktivität muss vor allem im sportlichen Bereich gesucht werden, da nur noch wenige Erwachsene an ihrem Arbeitsort körperlich stark belastet werden.

Summary

Within the framework of the first risk factor survey among the two reporting units of MONICA-Switzerland (cantons of Vaud and Fribourg; canton of Tessin), body mass index (BMI) was also analysed. One in four adults (25–74 years) presents with overweight, this proportion being even 1 in 3 among males of the canton of Tessin. However, this health risk can probably be changed, as every third female and every fifth male indicated to have modified their nutritional habits in a more healthy sense within the last 12 months preceding the survey.

On the other side, less than half of the population engages in a degree of physical activity conducive to cardiovascular prevention and reduction of overweight. In order to increase the level of physical activity in the population, it is primarily leisure time sports activities that have to be developed as only very few adults experience a heavy physical work load within their profession.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut universitaire de médecine sociale et préventive, Lausanne

    Burnand Bernard, Hausser Dominique, Rickenbach Martin & Gutzwiller Felix

  2. Dipartimento delle opere sociali, Sezione Sanitaria, Bellinzona

    Barazzoni Fabrizio

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  1. Burnand Bernard
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  2. Hausser Dominique
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  4. Barazzoni Fabrizio
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Bernard, B., Dominique, H., Martin, R. et al. Le poids, les habitudes alimentaires et l'activité physique dans la population en Suisse: le projet MONICA. Soz Präventivmed 32, 78–86 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02083854

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