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Effect of surfactant concentration on the critical thicknesses of liquid films

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Summary

It is shown that an increase in surfactant concentration at first causes the critical thicknesses of rupture on microscopic films to decrease but gradually a nearly constant value is reached. With films of aqueous solutions of fatty acids (valeric, caproic, caprylic and capric acids), this dependence correlates well with the effect of the surfactant concentration on the damping of capillary waves. With surfactants of the detergent type (OPE-7, OPE-20) in addition to the change of the critical thickness, the transition from rupture to formation of black spots is described, as the surfactant concentration exceedsC bl. The remarkable fact in the latter case is the independence of the critical thickness of the final state, be it rupture or formation of first or second black films.

On the basis of the experimental data the assumption is put forward that the critical thickness of rupture or the critical thickness of formation of black spots is substantially affected by macroscopic non-uniformities in the film thickness. Thus the conclusion is reached that the critical thickness of an ideally plane parallel film which is the object of the theory, must be obtained by extrapolation of the measured value toward extremely small radii.

Zusammenfassung

Es wird gezeigt, daß die kritischen Zerreißdicken mikroskopischer Schaumfilme, die mit der Zunahme der Tensidkonzentration zunächst abnehmen, dann aber ungefähr konstante Werte erreichen. Diese Abhängigkeit ist in guter Übereinstimmungmitdem Einfluß des Tensides auf die Kapillarwellendämpfung in wäßrigen Lösungen von vier Fettsäuren. Bei Tensiden, die gute Schäumer sind (OPE-7, OPE-2) zerreißt der Film mit der Zunahme der Konzentration überC bl nicht, sondern es bilden sich schwarze Flecke. Es ist sehr interessant, daß die kritische Dicke unabhängig von dem Endzustand (Zerreißen oder Bildung schwarzer Flecke) ist.

Aufgrund dieser Experimente wird angenommen, daß die kritische Dicke bei dem Zerreißen oder bei der schwarzen Fleckebildung mikroskopischer Schaumfilme wesentlich von den makroskopischen Ungleichheiten der Filmdicke beeinflußt wird. Daraus wird gefolgert, daß die kritische Dicke eines idealen planparallelen Films durcheine Extrapolation der Meßwerte aufeinen unendlich dünnen Film ermittelt werden kann.

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Manev, E., Scheludko, A. & Exerowa, D. Effect of surfactant concentration on the critical thicknesses of liquid films. Colloid & Polymer Sci 252, 586–593 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01558157

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