Summary
A bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV 1) mutant variant with a deletion in the thymidine kinase (TK) gene was assessed for its ability to establish latency and be reactivated in cattle. After treatment with dexamethasone, reactivated TK− BHV 1 was isolated from one of four cattle that received virus by intravenous inoculation only, and from four of four cattle that received virus by intranasal, intravaginal, and intravenous inoculation. Results prove that TK− BHV 1 will establish latency and can be reactivated in the natural host.
References
Becker Y, Gilden D, Shtram Y, Asher Y, Tabor E, Wellish M, Devlin M, Snipper D, Kadar J, Gordon Y (1984) Herpes simples virus type 1 thymidine kinase gene activity controls virus latency and neurovirulence in mice. In: Wittmann G, Gaskill RM, Rziha H-J (eds) Latent herpesvirus infections in veterinary medicine. Martinus Nijhoff, Boston, pp 3–19
Bello LJ, Whitbeck JC, Lawrence WC (1987) Map location of the thymidine kinase gene of bovine herpesvirus 1. J Virol 61: 4023–4025
Coen DM, Kosz-Vnenchak M, Jacobson JG, Leib DA, Bogard CL, Schaffer PA, Tyler KL, Knipe DM (1989) Thymidine kinase-negative herpes simples virus mutants establish latency in mouse trigeminal ganglia but do not reactivate. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 4735–4740
Efstathiou S, Kemp S, Darby G, Minson AC (1989) The role of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase in pathogenesis. J Gen Virol 70: 869–879
Feinberg AP, Vogelstein B (1983) A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity. Anal Biochem 132: 6–13
Field HJ, Wildy P (1978) The pathogenicity of thymidine kinase deficient mutants of herpes simplex virus in mice. J Hyg 81: 267–277
Katz JP, Bodin ET, Coen DM (1990) Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of herpes simplex virus DNA in ganglia of mice infected with replication-incompetent mutants. J Virol 64: 4288–4295
Kit S, Qavi H, Gaines JD, Billingsley P, McConnell S (1985) Thymidine kinase-negative bovine herpesvirus type 1 mutant is stable and highly attenuated in calves. Arch Virol 86: 63–83
Leist TP, Sandri-Goldin RM, Stevens JG (1989) Latent infections in spinal ganglia with thymidine kinase-deficient herpes simplex virus. J Virol 63: 4976–4978
Mayfield JE, Good PJ, VanOort HJ, Campbell AR, Reed DE (1983) Cloning and cleavage site mapping of DNA from bovine herpesvirus 1 (Cooper strain). J Virol 47: 259–264
Meignier B, Longnecker R, Mavromara-Nazos P, Sears A, Roizman B (1988) Virulence of and establishment of latency by genetically engineered deletion mutants of herpes simplex virus 1. Virology 162: 251–254
Mengeling WL, Lager KM (1991) Latency and reactivation of a thymidine kinase negative vaccine strain of pseudorabies virus in pigs. Arch Virol (in press)
Miller JM, Whetstone CA, Bello LJ, Lawrence WC (1991) Determination of ability of a thymidine kinase-negative deletion mutant of bovine herpesvirus 1 to cause abortion in cattle. Am J Vet Res 52: 1038–1043
Narita M, Inui S, Nanba K, Shimizu Y (1981) Recrudescence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and associated neural changes in calves treated with dexamethasone. Am J Vet Res 42: 1192–1197
Pastoret PP, Thiry E, Brochier B, Derboven G (1982) Bovid herpesvirus 1 infection of cattle: pathogenesis, latency, consequences of latency. Ann Rech Vet 13: 221–235
Roizman B, Carmichael LE, Deinhardt F, de The G, Nahmias AJ, Plowright W, Rapp F, Sheldrich P, Takahashi M, Wolf K (1982) Herpesviridae: definition, provisional nomenclature and taxonomy. Intervirology 16: 201–217
Seal B, Klieforth RB, Welch WH, Heuschele WP (1989) Alcelaphine herpesviruses 1 and 2: SDS-PAGE analysis of virion polypeptides, restriction endonuclease analysis of genomic DNA and virus replication restriction in different cell types. Arch Virol 106: 301–320
Stevens JG (1989) Human herpesviruses: a consideration of the latent state. Microbiol Rev 53: 318–332
Tenser RB, Hay KA, Edris WA (1989) Latency-associated transcript but not reactivatable virus is present in sensory ganglion neurons after inoculation of thymidine kinase-negative mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1. J Virol 63: 2861–2865
Tenser RB, Jones JC, Resses SJ, Fralish FA (1983) Thymidine plaque autoradiography of thymidine kinase-positive and thymidine kinase-negative herpesviruses. J Clin Microbiol 17: 122–127
Tenser RB, Miller RL, Rapp F (1979) Trigeminal ganglion infection by thymidine kinase-negative mutants of herpes simplex virus. Science 205: 915–917
Whetstone CA, Miller JM, Bortner DM, VanDerMaaten MJ (1989) Changes in the bovine herpesvirus 1 genome during acute infection, after reactivation from latency, and after superinfection in the host animal. Arch Virol 106: 261–279
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Whetstone, C.A., Miller, J.M., Seal, B.S. et al. Latency and reactivation of a thymidine kinase-negative bovine herpesvirus 1 deletion mutant. Archives of Virology 122, 207–214 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01321129
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01321129