Abstract
Two sentence-comprehension time experiments replicated and extended previously reported research indicating that readers initially make a quick, heuristic assignment of fillers to gaps in temporarily ambiguous sentences such as “Who did John beg to sing?” and “Who did John beg to sing for?” The Most Recent Filler heuristic readers seemed to adopt made the former “distant filler” sentence harder to comprehend than the latter “recent filler” sentence. Readers did not in general use all available sources of information in making this assignment. In particular, they usually delayed their use of verb control information so that substituting the unambiguous-control verbs “force” or “begin” for “beg” did not eliminate the distant filler inferiority. the experiments counter some criticisms that have been made of the previously reported research. The possibility that readers delay using an interesting natural category of information was raised, and its implications for the mental grammar were considered.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bever, T. (1970). The cognitive basis for linguistic structures. In J. R. Hayes (Ed.),Cognition and the development of language (pp. 279–352) New York: Wiley.
Chomsky, N. (1973). Conditions on transformations. In S. R. Anderson & P. Kiparsky (Eds.),A festscrift for Morris Halle New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Chomsky, N. (1981).Lectures on government and binding: The Pisa lectures. Dordrecht, Holland: Foris.
Clifton, C. J., Frazier, L., & Connine C. (1984). Lexical expectations in sentence comprehension.Journal of Verbal Learning and Vebal Behavior, 23, 696–708.
Crain, S., & Fodor, J. D. (1985). How can grammars help parsers? In D. R. Dowty, L. Karttunen, & A. M. Zwicky (Eds.),Natural Language parsing, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Foldor, J., Bever, T., & Garrett, M. (1974).The psychology of language: An introduction to psycholinguistics and generative grammar, New York: McGraw-Hill.
Fodor, J., & Garrett, M. (1966). Some reflections on competence and performance. In J. Lyons & R. J. Wales (Eds.),Psycholinguistic papers (pp. 135–154), Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh Press.
Frazier, L. (1985a). Modularity and the representational hypothesis.Proceedings of the New England Linguistics Society, Providence, Rhode Island, November 1984. Amherst, Massachusetts: GLSA.
Frazier, L. (1985b).Syntactic processing: Evidence from Dutch. Unpublished manuscript.
Frazier, L., Clifton, C. J., & Randall, J. (1983). Filling gaps: Decision principles and structure in sentence comprehension.Cognition, 13, 187–222.
Freedman, S. A., & Forster, K. I. (1985). The psychological status of overgenerated sentences.Cognition, 19, 101–131.
Gazdar, G. (1981). Unbounded dependencies and coordinate structure.Linguistic Inquiry, 12, 155–184.
Gazdar, G. (1982). Phrase structure grammar. In P. Jacobson & Geoffrey K. Pullum (Eds.),The nature of syntactic representation. Dordrecht, Holland: Reidel.
Rayner, K., Carlson, M., & Frazier, L. (1983). The interaction of syntax and semantics during sentence processing: Eye movements in the analysis of semantically biased sentences.Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 22, 358–374.
Ross, J. (1967).constraints on variables in syntax. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, M.I.T.
Stowe, L. (1984).Models of gap-location in the human language processor, Bloomington: Indiana University Linguistics Club.
Valian, V. (1979). The wherefores and therefores of the competence-performance distinction: In W. Cooper & E. C. T. Walker (Eds.),Sentence processing, Hillsdale, New Jersey: Erlbaum.
Watt, W. (1970). On two hypotheses concerning psycholinguistics. In J. R. Hayes, (Eds.),Cognition and the development of language (pp. 137–220). New York: Wiley.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Clifton, C., Frazier, L. The use of syntactic information in filling gaps. J Psycholinguist Res 15, 209–224 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01067455
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01067455