Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Polymerization in nonaqueous microemulsions

  • Original Contribution
  • Published:
Colloid and Polymer Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Nonaqueous microemulsions containing formamide, the anionic surfactant AOT (bis(2-ethyl-hexyl)sulfosuccinate sodium salt), sodium bromide (NaBr), and either of the monomers hexyl methacrylate or styrene are polymerized at 60°C. For both monomers, the final product is a stable, bluish dispersion of particles of ca. 80 nm diameter. Based on phase behavior studies as a function of NaBr concentration, we describe how a systematic variation of composition and monomer causes changes in reaction rates and latex characteristics. The monomer solubility in the continuous phase plays an important role in determining the final polymer characteristics. Decreasing monomer solubility shifts the mechanism from one similar to solution polymerization to one closer to traditional emulsion polymerization.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Martino A, Kaler EW (1990) J Phys Chem 94:1627–1631

    Google Scholar 

  2. Martino A, Kaler EW (1995) Langmuir 11:779–784

    Google Scholar 

  3. Schubert K-V, Busse G, Strey R, Kahlweit M (1993) J Phys Chem 97:248–254

    Google Scholar 

  4. Stoffer JO, Bone T (1980) J Polym Sci: Polym Chem Edn 18:2641–2648

    Google Scholar 

  5. Stoffer JO, Bone T (1980) J Dispersion Sci Technol 1:37–54

    Google Scholar 

  6. Atik SS, Thomas JK (1981) J Am Chem Soc 103:4279–4280

    Google Scholar 

  7. Atik SS, Thomas JK (1982) J Am Chem Soc 104:5868–5874

    Google Scholar 

  8. Atik SS, Thomas JK (1983) J Am Chem Soc 105:4515–4519

    Google Scholar 

  9. Gan LM, Chew CH, Friberg SE (1983) J Macromol Sci Chem A19:739–756

    Google Scholar 

  10. Candau F (1992) In: Paleos CM (ed) Polymerization in Organized Media. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Philadelphia, pp 215–282

    Google Scholar 

  11. Jayakrishnan A, Shah DO (1984) J Polym Sci: Polym Lett Edn 22:31–38

    Google Scholar 

  12. Haque E, Qutubuddin S (1988) J Polym Sci: Part C: Polym Lett Edn 26:429–432

    Google Scholar 

  13. Bléger F, Murthy AK, Pla F, Kaler EW (1994) Macromolecules 27:2559–2565

    Google Scholar 

  14. Full AP, Puig JE, Gron LU, Kaler EW, Minter JR, Mourey TH, Texter J (1992) Macromolecules 25:5157–5164

    Google Scholar 

  15. Guo JS, El-Aasser MS, Vanderhoff JW (1989) J Polym Sci: Part A: Polym Chem Edn 27:691–710

    Google Scholar 

  16. Strey R, Jonströmer M (1992) J Phys Chem 96:4537–4542

    Google Scholar 

  17. Johnson PL, Gulari E (1984) J Polym Sci: Polym Chem Edn 22:3967–3982

    Google Scholar 

  18. Tang H-I, Johnson PL, Gulari E (1984) Polymer 25:1357–1362

    Google Scholar 

  19. Guo JS, El-Aasser MS, Sudol ED, Yue HJ, Vanderhoff JW (1990) J Colloid Interf Sci 140:175–184

    Google Scholar 

  20. Gan LM, Chew CH, Lye I, Ma L, Li G (1993) Polymer 34:3860–3865

    Google Scholar 

  21. Kahlweit M, Strey R, Busse G (1991) J Phys Chem 95:5344–5352

    Google Scholar 

  22. Guo JS, Sudol ED, Vanderhoff JW, Yue HJ, El-Aasser MS (1992) J Colloid Interf Sci 149:184–196

    Google Scholar 

  23. Kahlweit M, Strey R, Busse G (1993) Phys Rev E 47:4197–4209

    Google Scholar 

  24. Kahlweit M (1995) J Phys Chem 99: 1281–1284

    Google Scholar 

  25. Odian G (1991) Principles of Polymerization. John Wiley & Sons Inc, New York

    Google Scholar 

  26. Perez-Luna VH, Puig JE, Castano VM, Rodriguez BE, Murthy AK, Kaler EW (1990) Langmuir 6:1040–1044

    Google Scholar 

  27. Puig JE, Perez-Luna VH, Perez-Gonzales M, Macias ER, Rodriguez BE, Kaler EW (1993) Colloid Polym Sci 271:114–123

    Google Scholar 

  28. Rodriguez-Guadarrama LA, Mendizabal E, Puig JE, Kaler EW (1993) J Appl Polym Sci 48:775–786

    Google Scholar 

  29. Antonietti M, Bremser W, Müschenborn D, Rosenauer C, Schupp B (1991) Macromolecules 24:6636–6643

    Google Scholar 

  30. Antonietti M, Lohmann S, Van Niel C (1992) Macromolecules 25:1139–1143

    Google Scholar 

  31. Lusvardi KM, Kaler EW (1995) Langmuir 11:4728–4734

    Google Scholar 

  32. Jonströmer M, Sjöberg M, Wärnheim T (1990) J Phys Chem 94:7549

    Google Scholar 

  33. Schubert K-V, Kahlweit M, Strey R (1992) In: Friberg SE, Lindman B (eds) Organized Solutions. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 105–114

    Google Scholar 

  34. Firman P, Haase D, Jen J, Kahlweit M, Strey R (1985) Langmuir 1:718–724

    Google Scholar 

  35. Kahlweit M, Strey R et al (1987) J Colloid Interf Sci 118:436–453

    Google Scholar 

  36. Shinoda K, Lindman B (1987) Langmuir 3:135–149

    Google Scholar 

  37. Kahlweit M, Strey R, Schomäcker R (1989) In: Knoche W and Schomäcker R (eds) Reactions in Compartmentalized Liquids. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 1–10

    Google Scholar 

  38. Landolt-Börnstein (1964) In: Schaëfer K, Lax E (eds) Zahlenwerte und Funktionen, Vol 2.2c. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p 674

    Google Scholar 

  39. Stephen H, Stephen T (1963) Solubilities, Vol 1.1. Oxford University Press, Oxford, p 432

    Google Scholar 

  40. Vijayendran BR (1979) J App Polym Sci 22:733–742

    Google Scholar 

  41. Martin JC (1973) In: Kochi JK (eds) Free Radicals. John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp 493–524

    Google Scholar 

  42. Franck J, Rabinowitch F (1934) Trans Faraday Soc 30:120

    Google Scholar 

  43. Full AP, Kaler EW, Arrellano J, Puig JE (1996) Macromolecules 29:2764–2775

    Google Scholar 

  44. Full AP (1994) Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Delaware

  45. Guo JS, Sudol ED, Vanderhoff JW, El-Aasser MS (1992) J Polym Sci: Part A: Polym Chem Edn 30:691–702

    Google Scholar 

  46. Maxwell IA, Morrison BR, Napper DH, Gilbert RG (1991) Macromolecules 24: 1629–1640

    Google Scholar 

  47. Neta P, Hule RE, Ross AB (1988) J Phys Chem Ref Data 17:1027–1238

    Google Scholar 

  48. Feng L, Ng NYS (1990) Macromolecules 23:1048–1053

    Google Scholar 

  49. Gan LM, Chew CH, Lye I (1992) Makromol Chem 193:1249–1260

    Google Scholar 

  50. Gan LM, Chew CH, Lye I, Imae T (1991) Polym Bull 25:193–198

    Google Scholar 

  51. Gan LM, Chew CH, Lee KC, Ng SC (1993) Polymer 34:3064–3069

    Google Scholar 

  52. Gan LM, Chew CH, Ng SC, Loh SE (1993) Langmuir 9:2799–2803

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Central Research and Development, E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., P.O. Box 80356, 19880-0356, Wilmington, Delaware, USA

    K. -V. Schubert

  2. Center for Molecular and Engineering Thermodynamics Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, 19716, Newark, Delaware, USA

    K. M. Lusvardi & E. W. Kaler

Authors
  1. K. -V. Schubert
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. K. M. Lusvardi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. E. W. Kaler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Schubert, K.V., Lusvardi, K.M. & Kaler, E.W. Polymerization in nonaqueous microemulsions. Colloid Polym Sci 274, 875–883 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00654746

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00654746

Key words

Search

Navigation