Abstract
Normaski optics, fluorescence and electron microscopy were employed to demonstrate the occurrence of lysosomes in capsulated, enzymatically decapsulated, and dewalled cells of a human isolate ofCryptococcus neoformans. Fluorescent studies, using acridine orange as a lysosomal indicator, revealed the presence of variously sized, spherical, reddish-orange fluorescing bodies. Electron microscopy studies demonstrated the presence of acid phosphatase (AP), a lysosome marker enzyme, in single-membrane bound organelles. Lysosomes were removed from dewalled cells and separated by differential centrifugation on ficoll gradients. That fraction indicating the highest assay for AP was centrifuged at high speed, and the resulting pellet was fixed for electron microscopy and stained by the Gomori procedure for AP. Sections of the pellets revealed AP stained vesicles of the same size range as those within intact cells.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Allison, A.C. and Young, M.R. 1969. Vital staining and fluorescence microscopy. In: Lysosomes in biology and pathology. Vol. II. Ed. by Dingle, J.T. and Fell, H.B. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York.
Armentrout, V.N., Hanssler, G. and Maxwell, D.P. 1976. Acid phosphatase localization in the fungus Whetzelinia sclerotiorum. Arch of Microbiology, 107: 7–14.
Armentrout, V.N. and Wilson, C.L. 1969. Haustorium-host interaction during mycoparasitism of Mycotypha microspora by Piptocephalis virginiana. Phytopathology 59: 897–905.
Armentrout, V.N., Smith, G.G. and Wilson, C.L. 1968. Spherosomes and mitochondria in the living fungal cell. Amer. J. Bot. 55: 1062–1067.
Bayliss, M., Glick, D. and Siem, R.A. 1948. Demonstration of phosphatases and lipase in bacteria and true fungi by staining methods and the effect of penicillin on phosphatase activity. J. Bacteriol. 55: 307–316.
Cartledge, T.G., Howells, L. and Lloyd, D. 1970. Subcellular fractionation of aerobically grown Saccharomyces carlsbergensis by zonal centrifugation. Biochem. J. 116: 40 p.
Coulomb, P., Coulomb, C. and Coulon, J. 1972. Origine et fonctions des phytolysosomes dans le meristeme radiculaire de la Courge (Cucurbitae pepo L. Cucurbitacee). I. Origine des phytolysosomes. Relations reticulum endoplasmique-dictosomes-phytolysosomes. Journal de la Microscopie 15: 236–278.
Deduve, C. and Wattiaux, R. 1966. Functions of lysosomes. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 28: 435–592.
Garham, P.B. 1968. Lysosomes. In: Plant cell organelles. Ed. by Pridham, J.B. Academic Press, New York.
Goren, M. 1977. Phagocyte lysosomes: Interactions with infectious agents, phagososomes, and experimental perturbations in function. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 31: 507–533.
Hislop, E.G., Barnaby, V.M., Shellis, C. and Laborda, P. 1974. Localization ofα-L-arbinofuranosidase and acid phosphatase in mycelium of Sclerotinia fructigena. J. Gen. Microbiol. 81: 79–99.
Iten, W. and Matile, P. 1970. Role of chitinase and other lysosomal enzymes of Coprinus lagopus in the autolysis of fruiting bodies. J. Gen. Microbiol. 61: 301–309.
Jensen, W.A. 1962. Botanical Histochemistry. W.H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco and London.
Khavkin, T.N., Freidlin, I.S., Sakharova, I.Ya. and Ioffe, V.A. 1977. Vital fluorescence microscopy of lysosomes in cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages during their interactions with microorganisms and active substances. Acta Microbiol. Acad. Sci. Hung. 24: 281–291.
Lenney, J.F., Matile, P., Wiemken, A., Schellenberg, M. and Meyer, J. 1974. Activities and cellular localization of yeast proteases and their inhibitors. Biochem Biophys. Res. Commun. 60: 1378–1383.
Mason, D.L. 1973. Host-parasite relations in the Gibberidea disease of Helianthus strumosus. Mycologia 65: 1158–1170.
Mason, D.L. and Wilson, C.L. 1978. Fine structure analysis of hostparasite relations in the spot anthracnose of Desmodium. Phytopathology 68: 65–73.
Matile, P.H. 1975. The lytic compartment of plant cells. Cell Biology Monographs Vol. 1. Springer-Verlag, New York, Wein. 183 pp.
Matile, P.H. 1971. Vacuoles, lysosomes of Neurospora. Cytobiologie 3: 324–330.
Matile, P. and Wiemken, A. 1967. The vacuole as the lysosome of the yeast cell. Arch. Mikrobiol. 56: 149–155.
Montes, L.F. and Wilborn, W.H. 1970. Acid phosphatase activity during phases of growth in Canida albicans. J. of Dermatology 9: 220–225.
Montes, L.F. and Constantine, V.S. 1968. Cytochemical demonstration of aminopeptidase in Candida albicans. J. of Investigative Dermatology 51: 1–3.
Page, W.J. and Stock, J.J. 1972. Isolation and characterization of Microsporum gypseum lysosomes: role of lysosomes in macroconidia germination. J. Bacteriol. 110: 354–362.
Pitt, D. 1968. Histochemical demonstration of certain hydrolytic enzymes within cytoplasmic particles of Botrytis cinerea. J. Microbiol. 52: 67–75.
Pitt, D. and Walker, J.P. 1967. Particulate localization of acid phosphatase in fungi. Nature (Lond.) 215: 783–784.
Reiss, J. 1969. Cytochemischer Nachweis von Hydrolasenin Fungi. I. Glykosidasen. Histochemie 18: 12–23.
Reiss, J. 1971. Cytochemischer Nachweis von Hydrolasen in Fungi. II. Aminopeptidase. Acta Histochem. (Jena) 39: 277–2.
Reiss, J. 1974. Cytochemical detection of hydrolases in fungi. III. Arylsulfatase. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 22: 183–1.
Reynolds, E.S. 1963. The use of lead citrate at high pH as an electronopaque stain in electron microscopy. J. Cell Biol. 17: 208–212.
Shadomy, H.J. 1970. Clamp connections in two strains of Cryptococcus neoformans. In: Recent rends in yeast research. Vol. 1. Ed. by D.G. Ahern. Spectrum monograph series, Georgia Station University Press, Atlanta, Georgia, pp. 204.
Smith, D.G. and Marchant, R. 1968. Lipid inclusions in the vacuoles of Saccharamyces cerevisiae. Arch. Microbiol. 60: 340–347.
Wattiaux, R. 1969. Biochemistry and function of lysosomes. In: Handbook of molecular cytology: frontiers of Biology. Vol. XV. Ed. ly by Lima-De-Faria. Holland Publishing Co., London.
Wilson, C.L. 1973. A lysosomal concept for plant pathology. Ann. Rev. Phytopathology 11: 247–272.
Wilson, C.L., Jumper, G.A. and Mason, David L. 1978. Acridine orange as a lysosomal marker in fungal spores. Phytopathology 68: (In press).
Wilson, C.L., Jumper, G.A., and Mason, D.L. 1978. Autophagocytosis by fungal vacuoles. Phytopathology 68: (In press).
Wilson, C.L., Steers, D.L., and Smith, G.G. 1970. Fungal lysosomes or spherosomes. Phytopathology 60: 216–227.
Worthington enzyme manual. 1972. Worthington Biochemical Co., Freehold, New Jersey, pp. 216.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mason, D.L., Wilson, C.L. Cytochemical and biochemical identification of lysosomes in cryptococcus neoformans. Mycopathologia 68, 183–190 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00578528
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00578528