Morphology of bacterial leaching patterns by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans on synthetic pyrite

Abstract

Thiobacillus ferrooxidans has been cultivated on synthetic pyrite (FeS₂) single crystals as the only energy source and the pyrite interface investigated with respect to characteristic morphological changes using scanning electron microscopy. Corrosion patterns of bacterial size were identified in different stages of development and correlated with bacterial activity. It appears that bacterial attack of the sulfide interface starts by secretion of organic substances around the contact area between the bacterial cell and the sulfide energy source. They might either be part of a “pseudo capsule” which shields the contact area or may form a sulfur absorbing and transporting organic film. Degradation of the sulfide occurs in the contact area below the bacterial cell leading to a corrosion pit which the bacterium may abandon after it has reached a depth of bacterial dimension. Electron spectroscopic (XPS) and X-ray fluorescence studies indicate a layer of organic substances covering the sulfide surface under bacterial leaching conditions, which is sufficiently thick for consideration in interfacial chemical mechanisms.