Skip to main content
Log in

Genetic interactions among genes involved in the STT4-PKC1 pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

  • Original Articles
  • Published:
Molecular and General Genetics MGG Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Loss of yeast protein kinase C function results in three distinct phenotypes: staurosporine sensitivity, cell lysis and blockage of cell cycle progression at the G2/M boundary. Genetic analysis of the PKC1/STT1 protein kinase C gene and its interactions with STT4, encoding an upstream phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase, and BCK1, encoding a downstream protein kinase, reveal that they form part of a single pathway. However, the BCK1-20 mutation (a gain-of-function mutation of BCK1) or overexpression of PKC1 cannot suppress all of the phenotypes caused by the loss of STT4 function, strongly suggesting the existence of a branch point between STT4 and PKC1. We also describe the MSS4 gene, a multicopy suppressor of the temperature-sensitive stt4-1 mutation. MSS4 is predicted to encode a hydrophilic protein of 779 amino acid residues and is essential for cell growth. Based on genetic and biochemical data, we suggest that MSS4 acts downstream of STT4, but in a pathway that does not involve PKC1.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Auger KR, Carpenter CL, Cantley LC, Varticovski L (1989) Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and its novel product, phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate, are present in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 264:20181–20184

    Google Scholar 

  • Belunis DJ, Bae-Lee M, Kelly MJ, Carman GM (1988) Purification and characterization of phosphatidylinositol kinase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 263:11897–18903

    Google Scholar 

  • Bement WM, Capco DG (1990) Protein kinase C acts downstream of calcium at entry into the first mitotic interphase of Xenopus laevis. Cell Regul 1:315–326

    Google Scholar 

  • Berridge MJ, Irvine RF (1984) Inositol trisphosphate, a novel second messenger in cellular signal transduction. Nature 312:315–321

    Google Scholar 

  • Bullock WO, Fernandez JM, Short JM (1987) A high efficiency plasmid transforming recA Escherichia coli strain with beta galactosidase selection. Biotechniques 5:376–379

    Google Scholar 

  • Costigan C, Gehrung S, Snyder M (1992) A synthetic lethal screen identifies SLK1, a novel protein kinase homolog implicated in yeast cell morphogenesis and cell growth. Mol Cell Biol12:1162–1178

    Google Scholar 

  • Flanagan CA, Thorner J (1992) Purification and characterization of a soluble phosphatidylinositol 4 kinase from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 267:24117–24125

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutter K-J, Eipel HE (1979) DNA determination of yeast by flow cytometry. J Gen Microbiol 113:369–375

    Google Scholar 

  • Irie K, Araki H, Oshima Y (1991) A new protein kinase, SSP31, modulating the SMP3 gene-product involved in plasmid maintenance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gene 108:139–144

    Google Scholar 

  • Irie K, Takase M, Lee KS, Levin DE, Araki H, Matsumoto K, Oshima Y (1993) MKK1 and MKK2, which encode Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitogen-activated protein kinase-kinase homologs, function in the pathway mediated by protein kinase C. Mol Cell Biol 13:3076–3083

    Google Scholar 

  • Ito H, Fukuda Y, Murata K, Kimura A (1983) Transformation of intact yeast cells treated with alkali cations. J Bacteriol 153:163–168

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones JR, Prakash L (1990) Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae selectable markers in pUC18 polylinkers. Yeast 6:363–366

    Google Scholar 

  • Kato M, Uno I, Ishikawa T, Takenawa T (1989) Activation of phosphatidylinositol kinase and phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate kinase by cAMP in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 264:423–433

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee KS, Levin DE (1992) Dominant mutations in a gene encoding a putative protein kinase (BCK1) bypass the requirement for a Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein kinase C homolog. Mol Cell Biol 12:172–182

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee KS, Irie K, Gotoh Y, Watanabe M, Araki H, Nishida E, Matsumoto K, Levin DE (1993) A yeast mitogen-activated protein kinase homolog (Mpk1p) mediates signalling by protein kinase C. Mol Cell Biol 13:3067–3075

    Google Scholar 

  • Levin DE, Fields FO, Kunisawa R, Bishop JM, Thorner J (1990) A candidate protein kinase C gene, PKC1, is required for the S. cerevisiae cell cycle. Cell 62:213–224

    Google Scholar 

  • Levin DE, Bartlett-Heubusch E (1992) Mutants in the S. cerevisiae PKC1 gene display a cell cycle-specific osmotic stability defect. J Cell Biol 116:1221–1229

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitsuzawa H, Uno I, Oshima T, Ishikawa T (1989) Isolation and characterization of temperature-sensitive mutations in the RAS2 and CYR1 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 123:739–748

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakano A, Muramatsu M (1989) A novel GTP-binding protein, Sar1p, is involved in transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. J Cell Biol 109:2677–2691

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakano H, Kobayashi E, Takahashi I, Tamaoki T, Kuzuu Y, Iba H (1987) Staurosporine inhibits tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity of Rous sarcoma virus transforming protein p60. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 40:706–708

    Google Scholar 

  • Nickels JT Jr, Buxeda RJ, Carman GM (1992) Purification, characterization, and kinetic analysis of a 55-kDa form of phosphatidylinositol 4 kinase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 267:16297–16304

    Google Scholar 

  • Nishizuka Y (1984a) Turnover of inositol phospholipids and signal transduction. Science 225:1365–1370

    Google Scholar 

  • Nishizuka Y (1984b) The role of protein kinase C in cell surface signal transduction and tumor promoter. Nature 308:693–698

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogita K, Miyamoto S, Koide H, Iwai T, Oka M, Ando K, Kishimoto A, Ikeda K, Fukami Y, Nishizuka Y (1990) Protein kinase C in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: comparison with the mammalian enzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:5011–5015

    Google Scholar 

  • Omura S, Iwai Y, Hirano A, Nakagawa A, Awaya J, Tsuchiya H, Takahashi Y, Masuma R (1977) A new alkaloid AM-2282 of Streptomyces: origin, taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and preliminary characterization. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 30:275–282

    Google Scholar 

  • Paravicini G, Cooper M, Friedli L, Smith DJ, Carpenter J-L, Klig LS, Payton MA (1992) The osmotic integrity of the yeast cell requires a functional PKC1 gene product. Mol Cell Biol 12:4896–4905

    Google Scholar 

  • Rose MD, Winston F, Hieter P (1990) Methods in yeast genetics: a laboratory course manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Rothstein R (1983) One-step gene disruption in yeast. Methods Enzymol 101:202–211

    Google Scholar 

  • Salminen A, Novick PJ (1987) A ras-like protein is required for a post-Golgi event in yeast secretion. Cell 49:527–538

    Google Scholar 

  • Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T (1989) Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanger F, Nicklen S, Coulson AR (1977) DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74:5463–5467

    Google Scholar 

  • Shimanuki M, Goebl M, Yanagida M, Toda T (1992) Fission yeast sts1l + gene encodes a protein similar to the chicken lamin B receptor and is implicated in pleiotropic drug-sensitivity, divalent cation-sensitivity, and osmoregulation. Mol Biol Cell 3:263–273

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon AJ, Milner Y, Saville SP, Dvir A, Mochly-Rosen D, Orr E (1991) The identification and characterization of a mammalianlike protein kinase C in the yeast Saceharomyces cerevisiae. Proc R Soc Lond [Biol] 243:165–171

    Google Scholar 

  • Southern EM (1975) Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol 98:503–517

    Google Scholar 

  • Tamaoki T, Nomoto H, Takahashi I, Kato Y, Morimoto M, Tomita F (1986) Staurosporine, a potent inhibitor of phospholipid/Ca+ + dependent protein kinase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 135:397–402

    Google Scholar 

  • Toda T, Shimanuki M, Yanagida M (1991) Fission yeast genes that confer resistance to staurosporine encode an AP-1-like transcription factor and a protein kinase related to the mammalian ERK/MAP2 and budding yeast FUS3 and KSS1 kinases. Genes Dev 5:60–73

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsh JP, Caldwell KK, Majerus PW (1991) Formation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate by isomerization from phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:9184–9187

    Google Scholar 

  • Winston F, Chumley F, Fink GR (1983) Genetic application of yeast transformation with linear and gapped plasmids. Methods Enzymol 101:211–228

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida S, Ikeda E, Uno I, Mitsuzawa H (1992) Characterization of a staurosporine- and temperature-sensitive mutant, STT1, of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: STT1 is allelic to PKC1. Mol Gen Genet 231:337–344

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida S, Ohya Y, Goebl M, Nakano A, Anraku Y. A novel gene, STT4, encodes a phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase in the PKC1 protein kinase pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem (in press)

  • Yoshihisa T, Anraku Y (1989) Nucleotide sequence of AMS1, the structural gene of vacuolar α-mannosidase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 163:908–915

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Communicated by C.P. Hollenberg

GenBank accession number: The accession number for the MSS4 sequence reported in this paper is D13716.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Yoshida, S., Ohya, Y., Nakano, A. et al. Genetic interactions among genes involved in the STT4-PKC1 pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Molec. Gen. Genet. 242, 631–640 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00283416

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00283416

Key words

Navigation