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The effect of chondroitinase ABC on rabbit intervertebral disc

Radiological, histological and electron microscopic findings

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Summary

Seventy-eight rabbit lumbar discs were evaluated by radiographs and histology after the injection of chondroitinase ABC (40 U/ml for each disc) and compared with injection with phosphate buffer, and also with a control group who were not injected. There was considerable narrowing of the disc space after chondroitinase ABC injection. Safranin-0 depletion was present in the anterior part of the annulus fibrosus near to the nucleus pulposus in all the treated discs, indicating loss of proteoglycan. Electron microscopy showed collapse of the chondrocytes and notochordal cells. These findings suggest that chondroitinase ABC may be another chemonucleolytic agent which decreases disc volume and consequently decompresses the spinal cord or nerve roots; its effects were confined to the tissues within the intervertebral disc.

Résumé

La chymopapaïne et la collagénase sont des agents chémonucléolytiques connus dans le traitement des hernies discales. Cependant il y a souvent des problèmes sérieux avec ces enzymes, comme une neurotoxicité sévère ou une anaphylaxie qui peut être fatale. La chondroitinase ABC qui est un produit métabolique du Proteus vulgaris a une action particulière sur le protéoglycan du nucleus pulposus mais n'agit que rarement sur le tissue nerveux. Soixant-dix disques lombaires de lapins ont été examinés radiologiquement et histologiquement après une injection de chondroitinase ABC, à la dose de 40 U/ml par disque et comparés avec un groupe injecté par un tampon et avec un autre groupe de contrôle non injecté. Il existait un rétrécissement considérable de l'espace discal dans le groupe injecté par la chondroitinase ABC, qui était vérifié par la radiographie et l'histologie (p<0.01). On observait une zone de disparition du safranion 0 au niveau ventral de l'annulus fibrosus, adjacent au nucleus pulposus, dans tous les disques traités, ce qui indiquait une perte de protéoglycan. En microscopie électronique on notait un collapsus des chondrocytes et des cellules notochordales. Toutes ces constatations prouvent que la chondroitinase ABC peut représenter un nouvel agent chémonucléolytique en diminuant le volume du disque et donc en décomprimant la moelle ou les racines nerveuses. Tous les effets histologiques de la chondroitinase ABC sont limités au tissu discal intervertébral. La chondroitinase ABC mérite d'être étudiée en tant qu'alternative pour la chémonucléolyse.

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Park, J.S., Ahn, J.I. The effect of chondroitinase ABC on rabbit intervertebral disc. International Orthopaedics 19, 103–109 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00179970

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