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Effects of metals on fish behavior: a review

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Synopsis

Behavioral toxicity tests, if properly designed, can be used in conjunction with standard acute lethality tests, chronic full or partial life cycle tests, and early life stage toxicity tests to add ecological realism to toxicant assessments and the regulations made as an outgrowth of these assessments. Changes in certain fish behaviors, especially cough rate and avoidance reactions, are very sensitive indicators of sublethal exposure to metals. Other tests involving predator avoidance, feeding behavior, learning, social interactions, and a variety of locomotor behaviors show promise but have been insufficiently studied to judge their sensitivity or utility. No behavioral tests have been standardized and few have been verified in the field. We discuss the behavioral tests that have been used with metals, examine their sensitivity compared with standard laboratory toxicity tests, and assess the potential ecological significance of the behavioral changes observed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Animal Ecology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA

    Gary J. Atchison & Mark B. Sandheinrich

  2. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Great Lakes Fishery Laboratory, 1451 Green Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA

    Mary G. Henry

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  1. Gary J. Atchison
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Journal Paper No. .1-11959 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, IA 50011. U.S.A. Project No. 2627.

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Atchison, G.J., Henry, M.G. & Sandheinrich, M.B. Effects of metals on fish behavior: a review. Environ Biol Fish 18, 11–25 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00002324

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