Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Myelin pp 257–264Cite as

Roads to Formation of Normal Myelin Structure and Pathological Myelin Structure

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1190))

Abstract

Demyelination and axonal damage are responsible for neurological deficits in demyelinating diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. However, the pathology of demyelination and axonal damage in MS is not fully understood. While immunologists have accumulated evidence, which is involved in many immunological events in these diseases, neuroscientists and anatomists have also investigated morphological changes of myelin in these diseases. In this chapter, a new concept of demyelination will be described.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Bando Y, Nomura T, Bochimoto H, Murakami K, Tanaka T, Watanabe T, Yoshida S (2015) Abnormal morphology of myelin and axonal pathology in murine models of multiple sclerosis. Neurochem Int 81:16–27

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bando Y, Hagiwara Y, Suzuki Y, Yoshida K, Aburakawa Y, Kimura T, Murakami C, Ono M, Tanaka T, Jiang YP, Mitrovi B, Bochimoto H, Yahara O, Yoshida S (2018) Kallikrein 6 secreted by oligodendrocytes regulates the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Glia 66(2):359–378

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baumann N, Pham-Dinh D (2001) Biology of oligodendrocyte and myelin in the mammalian central nervous system. Physiol Rev 81:871–927

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blackmore WF (1972) Observations on oligodendrocyte degeneration, the resolution of status spongiosus and remyelination in cuprizone intoxication in mice. J Neuro-Oncol 1:413–426

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell GR, Ohno N, Turnbull DM, Mahad DJ (2012) Mitochondrial changes within axons in multiple sclerosis: an update. Curr Opin Neurol 25:221–230

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Denic A, Johnson AJ, Bieber AJ, Warrington AE, Rodriguez M, Pirko I (2011) The relevance of animal models in multiple sclerosis research. Pathophysiology 18:21–29

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dhib-Jalbut S (2007) Pathogenesis of myelin/oligodendrocyte damage in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 68:S13–S21

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dutta R, Trapp BD (2011) Mechanisms of neuronal dysfunction and degeneration in multiple sclerosis. Prog Neurobiol 93:1–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dutta R, McDonough J, Yin X, Peterson J, Chang A, Torres T, Gudz T, Macklin WB, Lewis DA, Fox RJ, Rudick R, Mirnics K, Trapp BD (2006) Mitochondrial dysfunction as a cause of axonal degeneration in multiple sclerosis patients. Ann Neurol 59:478–489

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edgar JM, McLaughlin M, Yool D, Zhang SC, Fowler JH, Montague P, Barrie JA, McCulloch MC, Duncan ID, Garbern J, Nave KA, Griffiths IR (2004) Oligodendroglial modulation of fast axonal transport in a mouse model of hereditary spastic paraplegia. J Cell Biol 166:121–131

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greenstein JI (2007) Current concepts of the cellular and molecular pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis. Dev Neurobiol 67:1248–1265

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hafler DA (2004) Multiple sclerosis. J Clin Invest 113:788–794

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kiryu-Seo S, Ohno N, Kidd GJ, Komuro H, Trapp BD (2010) Demyelination increases axonal stationary mitochondrial size and the speed of axonal mitochondrial transport. J Neurosci 30:6658–6666

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koga D, Ushiki T (2006) Three-dimensional ultra-structure of the Golgi apparatus in different cells: high-resolution scanning electron microscopy of osmium-macerated tissues. Arch Histol Cytol 69(5):357–374

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krumbholz M, Meinl E (2014) B cells in MS and NMO: pathogenesis and therapy. Semin Immunopathol 36:339–350

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lappe-Siefke C, Goebbels S, Gravel M, Nicksch E, Lee J, Braun PE, Griffiths IR, Nave KA (2003) Disruption of Cnp1 uncouples oligodendroglial functions in axonal support and myelination. Nat Genet 33:366–374

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin R, McFarland HF, McFarlin DE (1992) Immunological aspects of demyelinating diseases. Annu Rev Immunol 10:153–187

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mayo L, Quintana FJ, Weiner HL (2012) The innate immune system in demyelinating disease. Immunol Rev 248:170–187

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Misko A, Jiang S, Wegorzewska I, Milbrandt J, Baloh RH (2010) Mitofusin 2 is necessary for transport of axonal mitochondria and interacts with the Miro/Milton complex. J Neurosci 30:4232–4240

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nikić I, Merkler D, Sorbara C, Brinkoetter M, Kreutzfeldt M, Bareyre FM, Brück W, Bishop D, Misgeld T, Kerschensteiner M (2011) A reversible form of axon damage in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. Nat Med 17:495–499

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nomura T, Bando Y, Bochimoto H, Koga D, Watanabe T, Yoshida S (2013) Three-dimensional ultra-structures of myelin and the axons in the spinal cord: application of SEM with the osmium maceration method to the central nervous system in two mouse models. Neurosci Res 75:190–197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Noseworthy JH, Lucchinetti C, Rodriguez M, Weinshenker BG (2000) Multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 343:938–952

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohno N, Kidd GJ, Mahad D, Kiryu-Seo S, Avishai A, Komuro H, Trapp BD (2011) Myelination and axonal electrical activity modulate the distribution and motility of mitochondria at CNS nodes of Ranvier. J Neurosci 31:7249–7258

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Osawa T, Ishida K, Obodera M, Feng XY, Hayashi S, Nozaka Y (2002) Measurement of the repeat period of myelin sheath using ultrathin frozen sections. J Electron Microscopy 51(3):195–197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schirmer L, Merkler D, König FB, Brück W, Stadelmann C (2013) Neuroaxonal regeneration is more pronounced in early multiple sclerosis than in traumatic brain injury lesions. Brain Pathol 23:2–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stadelmann C, Wegner C, Brück W (2011) Inflammation, demyelination, and degeneration - recent insights from MS pathology. Biochim Biophys Acta 1812:275–282

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stirling DP, Stys PK (2010) Mechanisms of axonal injury: internodal nanocomplexes and calcium deregulation. Trends Mol Med 16:160–170

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stirling DP, Cummins K, Wayne Chen SR, Stys P (2014) Axoplasmic reticulum ca(2+) release causes secondary degeneration of spinal axons. Ann Neurol 75:220–229

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka K, Mitsushima A (1984) A preparation method for observing intracellular structures by scanning electron microscopy. J Microsc 133:213–222

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trapp BD, Stys PK (2009) Virtual hypoxia and chronic necrosis of demyelinated axons in multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol 8:280–291

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yin X, Crawford TO, Griffin JW, Tu P-H, Lee VMY, Li C, Roder J, Trapp BD (1998) Myelin-associated glycoprotein is a myelin signal that modulates the caliber of myelinated axons. J Neurosci 18:1953–1962

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang CL, Ho PL, Kintner DB, Sun D, Chiu SY (2010) Activity-dependent regulation of mitochondrial motility by calcium and Na/K-ATPase at nodes of Ranvier of myelinated nerves. J Neurosci 30:3555–3566

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan

    Yoshio Bando

  2. Department of Anatomy, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan

    Yoshio Bando

Authors
  1. Yoshio Bando
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yoshio Bando .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Sensory and Motor Systems, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan

    Kazunori Sango

  2. Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan

    Junji Yamauchi

  3. Department of Rehabilitation for the Movement Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan

    Toru Ogata

  4. Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA

    Keiichiro Susuki

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Bando, Y. (2019). Roads to Formation of Normal Myelin Structure and Pathological Myelin Structure. In: Sango, K., Yamauchi, J., Ogata, T., Susuki, K. (eds) Myelin. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1190. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9636-7_16

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation