Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is the deadliest of all strokes. It mostly affects younger adults. The classic manifestation of SAH is thunderclap headache which is also accounted by patients as “the worst headache of their life”. SAH is associated with neurological impairment, cognitive dysfunction and worse prognosis. There are two most important pathological mechanisms involved; early cerebral injury and cerebral vasospasm. Several pro inflammatory factors and cell death pathways contribute towards the pathogenesis of SAH. Iron deposition has been found to play a prominent role in the acute phase of this disease. Iron related SAH biomarkers for example haptoglobin, hepcidin and total iron binding capacity etc. have been found. These biomarkers can be used to detect early injury and distinguish ruptured aneurysm from an unruptured aneurysm. Iron is also linked to other complications of SAH i.e., acute seizures and hydrocephalus. DFX an iron chelator has shown promising results in the long term for the treatment of SAH. It has improved neurological function outcome in the patients. Several other therapeutic agents have also emerged in the experimental studies. Unfortunately, no drug and therapy has conveyed validated clinical value. More research and larger studies are required in this area.
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Zainab, A., Hamid, A. (2023). Iron and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. In: Mohamed, W., Brogazzi, N.L., Kostrzewa, R.M. (eds) Brain-Iron Cross Talk. Nutritional Neurosciences. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7327-7_10
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