Skip to main content

Challenges in Deep Learning Applied to the Knee Joint Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Survey

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Proceedings of Seventh International Congress on Information and Communication Technology

Abstract

Worldwide, knee joint complaints are most frequent in all age groups. Trauma, inflammation, infection, tumor, or aging that can damage the knee joint are detected with an MRI. MRI represents a standard technique for assessing knee joint anatomical structures, and it supports diagnosis, disease monitoring, or treatment planning. However, the reading and assessment of knee MRIs are time-consuming and can result in misdiagnosis. Therefore, it is crucial to elaborate intelligent and standardized methodologies of MRI investigation, to discover various knee lesions, increase diagnostic efficiency, and reduce bias or error in the evaluation due to human limitations such as fatigue, to name only one of them. This article reviews recent works that address the application of deep learning and discusses the related challenges in knee joint MRI analysis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 299.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Nacey NC, Geeslin MG, Miller GW, Pierce JL (2017) Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee: an overview and update of conventional and state of the art imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 45(5):1257–1275. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.25620.PMID:28211591

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Sanders TL, Maradit Kremers H, Bryan AJ, Larson DR, Dahm DL, Levy BA, Stuart MJ, Krych AJ (2016) Incidence of anterior cruciate ligament tears and reconstruction: a 21-year population-based study. Am J Sports Med 44(6):1502–1507

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Lohmander LS, Englund PM, Dahl LL, Roos EM (2007) The long-term consequence of anterior cruciate ligament and meniscus injuries: osteoarthritis. Am J Sports Med 35(10):1756–69. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546507307396. Epub 2007 Aug 29. PMID: 17761605

  4. Logerstedt D, Snyder-Mackler L (2010) Knee pain and mobility impairments: meniscal and articular lesions. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 40(6):A1–A35

    Google Scholar 

  5. Majewski M, Susanne H, Klaus S (2006) Epidemiology of athletic knee injuries: a 10-year study. Knee. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2006.01.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Si L, Zhong J, Huo J, Xuan K, Zhuang Z, Hu Y, Wang Q, Zhang H, Yao W (2021) Deep learning in knee imaging: a systematic review utilizing a checklist for artificial intelligence in medical imaging (CLAIM). Eur Radiol. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-021-08190-4. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34347157

  7. McRobbie DW (2012) Occupational exposure in MRI. Br J Radiol 85(1012):293–312. https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr/30146162

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Hoult DI, Bahkar B (1998) NMR signal reception: virtual photons and coherent spontaneous emission. Concep Magn Reson 9(5):277–297. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0534(1997)9:5%3c277:AID-CMR1%3e3.0.CO;2-W

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. McRobbie DW, Moore EA, Graves MJ, Prince MR (2007) MRI from picture to proton. Cambridge University Press

    Google Scholar 

  10. Lecun Y, Bottou L, Bengio Y, Haffner P (1998) Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE, vol 86, no 11, pp 2278–2324, Nov 1998. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/5.726791

  11. Liu F (2020) Improving quantitative magnetic resonance imaging using deep learning. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 24(4):451–459. doi: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1709482. Epub 2020 Sep 29. PMID: 32992372; PMCID: PMC8164439

  12. Chang PD, Wong TT, Rasiej MJ (2019) Deep learning for detection of complete anterior cruciate ligament tear. J Digit Imaging 32(6):980–986

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. He K, Zhang X, Ren S, Sun J (2016) Deep residual learning for image recognition. In: 2016 IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), vol 90, pp 770–778. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2016

  14. Awan MJ, Rahim MSM, Salim N, Mohammed MA, Garcia-Zapirain B, Abdul-kareem KH (2021) Efficient detection of knee anterior cruciate ligament from magnetic resonance imaging using deep learning approach. Diagnostics (Basel) 11(1):105. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11010105. PMID: 33440798; PMCID: PMC7826961

  15. Irmakci I, Anwar SM, Torigian DA, Bagci U (2019) Deep learning for musculoskeletal image analysis. In: 53rd Asilomar conference on signals, systems, and computers, pp 1481–1485

    Google Scholar 

  16. Pedoia V, Norman B, Mehany SN, Bucknor MD, Link TM, Majumdar S (2018) 3D convolutional neural networks for detection and severity staging of meniscus and PFJ cartilage morphological degenerative changes in osteoarthritis and anterior cruciate ligament subjects. J Magn Reson Imaging 2018. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.26246

  17. Bien N, Rajpurkar P, Ball RL, Irvin J, Park A, Jones E, Bereket M, Patel BN, Yeom KW, Shpanskaya K, Halabi S, Zucker E, Fanton G, Amanatullah DF, Beaulieu CF, Riley GM, Stewart RJ, Blankenberg FG, Larson DB, Jones RH, Langlotz CP, Ng AY, Lungren MP (2018) Deep-learning-assisted diagnosis for knee magnetic resonance imaging: development and retrospective validation of MRNet. PLoS Med 15(11); PMCID: PMC6258509

    Google Scholar 

  18. Tsai CH, Kiryati N, Konen E, Eshed I, Mayer A (2005) Knee injury detection using MRI with efficiently layered network (ELNet). arXiv 2005, arXiv:2005.02706

  19. Krizhevsky A, Sutskever I, Hinton GE (2012) ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst 1097–1105

    Google Scholar 

  20. Liu F, Guan B, Zhou Z, Samsonov A, Rosas H, Lian K, Sharma R, Kanarek A, Kim J, Guermazi A, Kijowski R (2019) Fully automated diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament tears on knee MR images by using deep learning. Radiol Artif Intell 1(3):180091; PMCID: PMC6542618

    Google Scholar 

  21. Dunnhofer M, Martinel N, Micheloni C (2021) Improving MRI-based knee disorder diagnosis with pyramidal feature details. In: Proceedings of the fourth conference on medical imaging with deep learning, in proceedings of machine learning research, vol 143, pp 131–147. https://proceedings.mlr.press/v143/dunnhofer21a.html

  22. Astuto B, Flament I, Namiri NK, Shah R, Bharadwaj U, Link TM, Bucknor MD, Pedoia V, Majumdar S (2021) Erratum: automatic deep learning-assisted detection and grading of abnormalities in knee MRI studies. Radiol Artif Intell 3(3)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Roblot V, Giret Y, Bou Antoun M, Morillot C, Chassin X, Cotton A, Zerbib J, Fournier L (2019) Artificial intelligence to diagnose meniscus tears on MRI. Diagn Interv Imaging 2019(100):243–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diii.2019.02.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Germann C, Marbach G, Civardi F, Fucentese SF, Fritz J, Sutter R, Pfirrmann CWA, Fritz B (2020) Deep convolutional neural network-based diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament tears: performance comparison of homogenous versus heterogeneous knee MRI cohorts with different pulse sequence protocols and 1.5-T and 3-T magnetic field strengths. Invest Radiol 55(8):499–506

    Google Scholar 

  25. Zijian L, Shiyou R, Xintao Z, Lu B, Changqing J, Jiangyi W, Wentao Z (2021) Deep learning-based image feature with arthroscopy-aided early diagnosis and treatment of meniscus injury of knee joint. J Health Eng 2021:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2254594

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Liu F, Zhou Z, Samsonov A, Blankenbaker D, Larison W, Kanarek A, Lian K, Kambhampati S, Kijowski R (2018) Deep learning approach for evaluating knee MR images: achieving high diagnostic performance for cartilage lesion detection. Radiology 289(1):160–169. doi: https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2018172986. Epub 2018 Jul 31. PMID: 30063195; PMCID: PMC6166867

  27. Namiri NK, Lee J, Astuto B, Liu F, Shah R, Majumdar S, Pedoia V (2021) Deep learning for large scale MRI-based morphological phenotyping of osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 11(1):10915. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90292-6. PMID: 34035386; PMCID: PMC8149826

  28. Schiratti JB, Dubois R, Herent P, Cahané D, Dachary J, Clozel T, Wainrib G, Keime-Guibert F, Lalande A, Pueyo M, Guillier R, Gabarroca C, Moingeon P (2021) A deep learning method for predicting knee osteoarthritis radiographic progression from MRI. Arthritis Res Ther 23(1):262. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-021-02634-4. PMID: 34663440; PMCID: PMC8521982

  29. Chang GH, Felson DT, Qiu S, Guermazi A, Capellini TD, Kolachalama VB (2020) Assessment of knee pain from MR imaging using a convolutional Siamese network. Eur Radiol 30(6):3538–3548. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-020-06658-3. Epub 13 Feb 2020. Erratum in: Eur Radiol 30(12):6968. PMID: 32055951; PMCID: PMC7786238

  30. Zhou Z, Zhao G, Kijowski R, Liu F (2018) Deep convolutional neural network for segmentation of knee joint anatomy. Magn Reson Med 80:2759–2770

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Liu F, Zhou Z, Jang H, Samsonov A, Zhao G, Kijowski R (2017) Deep convolutional neural network and 3D deformable approach for tissue segmentation in musculoskeletal magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Med 79:2379–2391. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.26841

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Norman B, Pedoia V, Majumdar S (2018) Use of 2D U-Net convolutional neural networks for automated cartilage and Meniscus segmentation of knee MR imaging data to determine relaxometry and morphometry. Radiology 288:177–185. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2018172322

  33. Pedoia V, Majumdar S, Link TM (2016) Segmentation of joint and musculoskeletal tissue in the study of arthritis. Magn Reson Mater Phys Biol Med 29:207–221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10334-016-0532-9

  34. Kemnitz J, Baumgartner CF, Eckstein F, Chaudhari A, Ruhdorfer A, Wirth W, Eder SK, Konukoglu E (2019) Clinical evaluation of fully automated thigh muscle and adipose tissue segmentation using a U-Net deep learning architecture in the context of osteoarthritis knee pain. Magn Reson Mater Phys Biol Med

    Google Scholar 

  35. Byra M, Wu M, Zhang X, Jang H, Ma YJ, Chang EY, Shah S, Du J (2020) Knee menisci segmentation and relaxometry of 3D ultrashort echo time cones MR imaging using attention U-Net with transfer learning. Magn Reson Med 83(3):1109–1122. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.27969. Epub 2019 Sep 19. PMID: 31535731; PMCID: PMC6879791

  36. Tack A, Mukhopadhyay A, Zachow S (2018) Knee menisci segmentation using convolutional neural networks: data from the osteoarthritis initiative. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 26(5):680–688

    Google Scholar 

  37. Kessler DA, MacKay JW, Crowe VA, Henson FMD, Graves MJ, Gilbert FJ, Kaggie JD (2020) The optimisation of deep neural networks for segmenting multiple knee joint tissues from MRIs. Comput Med Imaging Graph 86:101793. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compmedimag.2020.101793. Epub 2020 Sep 28. PMID: 33075675; PMCID: PMC7721597

  38. Goodfellow IJ, Pouget-Abadie J, Mirza M, Xu B, Warde-Farley D, Ozair S, Courville A, Bengio Y (2014) Generative adversarial networks, pp 1–9. arXiv Prepr. arXiv1406.2661v1. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.8245

  39. Liu F (2019) SUSAN: segment unannotated image structure using adversarial network. Magn Reson Med 81:3330–3345. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.27627

  40. Mallya YJ, Vijayananda MS, Vidya Venugopal VK, Mahajan V (2019) Automatic delineation of anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments by combining deep learning and deformable atlas-based segmentation. Med Imaging 2019 Biomed Appl Mol Struct Funct Imaging 10953. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2512431

  41. Zhou Z, Zhao G, Kijowski R, Liu F (2018) Deep convolutional neural network for segmentation of knee joint anatomy. Magn Reson Med 80(6):2759–2770. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.27229. Epub 2018 May 17. PMID: 29774599; PMCID: PMC6342268

  42. Badrinarayanan V, Kendall A, Cipolla R, SegNet: a deep convolutional encoder-decoder architecture for image segmentation. arXiv preprint arXiv:1511.00561

  43. Liu F, Zhou Z, Jang H, Samsonov A, Zhao G, Kijowski R (2017) Deep convolutional neural network and 3D deformable approach for tissue segmentation in musculoskeletal magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Med 79(4):2379–2391. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.26841. Epub 2017 Jul 21. PMID: 28733975; PMCID: PMC 6271435

  44. Cheng R, Alexandridi NA, Smith RM, Shen A, Gandler W, McCreedy E, McAuliffe MJ, Sheehan FT (2020) Fully automated patellofemoral MRI segmentation using holistically nested networks: Implications for evaluating patellofemoral osteoarthritis, pain, injury, pathology, and adolescent development. Magn Reson Med 83(1):139–153. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.27920

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Mauer MA, Well EJ, Herrmann J, Growth M, Morlock MM, Maas R, Säring D (2020) Automated age estimation of young individuals based on 3D knee MRI using deep learning. Int J Legal Med 135(2):649–663. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-020-02465-z. Epub 2020 Dec 17. PMID: 33331995; PMCID: PMC7870623

  46. Dallora AL, Berglund JS, Brogren M, Kvist O, Ruiz SD, Dubbel A, Ander-berg P (2019) Age assessment of youth and young adults using magnetic resonance imaging of the knee: a deep learning approach. JMIR Med Inform 7:e16291

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Zijian L, Shiyou R, Xintao Z, Lu B, Changqing J, Jiangyi W, Wentao Z (2021) Deep learning-based image feature with arthroscopy-aided early diagnosis and treatment of meniscus injury of knee joint. J Health Eng 2021(2254594):8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2254594

  48. Liu H, Liu J, Li J, Pan JS, Yu X (2021) DL-MRI: a unified framework of deep learning-based MRI super resolution. J Health Eng 2021:5594649. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5594649. PMID: 33897991; PMCID: PMC8052167

  49. Chaudhari AS, Fang Z, Kogan F, Wood J, Stevens KJ, Gibbons EK, Lee JH, Gold GE, Hargreaves BA (2018) Super-resolution musculoskeletal MRI using deep learning. Magn Reson Med 80(5):2139–2154. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.27178. Epub 2018 Mar 26. PMID: 29582464; PMCID: PMC6107420

  50. Subhas N, Li H, Yang M, Winalski CS, Polster J, Obuchowski N, Mamoto K, Liu R, Zhang C, Huang P, Gaire SK, Liang D, Shen B, Li X, Ying L (2020) Diagnostic interchangeability of deep convolutional neural networks reconstructed knee MR images: preliminary experience. Quant Imaging Med Surg 10(9):1748–1762. doi: https://doi.org/10.21037/qims-20-664. PMID: 32879854; PMCID: PMC7417759s

  51. Liu F, Feng L, Kijowski R (2019) MANTIS: model-augmented neural network with incoherent k-space sampling for efficient MR parameter mapping. Magn Reson Med 82(1):174–188. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.27707

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Hammernik K, Klatzer T, Kobler E, Recht MP, Sodickson DK, Pock T, Knoll F (2017) Learning a variational network for reconstruction of accelerated MRI data. Magn Reson Med 79:3055–3071. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.26977

  53. Zibetti MVW, Sharafi A, Hammernik K, Knoll F, Regatte RR (2020) Variational networks for accelerating biexponential 3D-T1rho mapping of knee cartilage. In: the ISMRM annual meeting

    Google Scholar 

  54. Recht MP, Zbontar J, Sodickson DK, Knoll F, Yakubova N, Sriram A, Murrell T, Defazio A, Rabbat M, Rybak L, Kline M, Ciavarra G, Alaia EF, Samim M, Walter WR, Lin DJ, Lui YW, Muckley M, Huang Z, Johnson P, Stern R, Zitnick CL (2020) Using deep learning to accelerate knee MRI at 3 T: results of an inter-changeability study. AJR Am J Roentgenol 215(6):1421–1429. doi: https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.20.23313. Epub 2020 Oct 14. PMID: 32755163; PMCID: PMC8209682

  55. Quan TM, Nguyen-Duc T, Jeong WK (2017) Compressed sensing MRI reconstruction using a generative adversarial network with a cyclic loss. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 37:1488–1497. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2018.2820120

  56. Mardani M, Gong E, Cheng JY, Vasanawala SS, Zaharchuk G, Xing L, Pauly JM (2019) Deep generative adversarial neural networks for compressive sensing MRI. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 38(1):167–179. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2018.2858752. Epub 2018 Jul 23. PMID: 30040634; PMCID: PMC6542360

  57. Wang S, Su Z, Ying L, Peng X, Zhu S, Liang F, Feng D, Liang D (2016) Accelerating magnetic resonance imaging via deep learning. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international symposium on biomedical imaging, pp 514–517. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISBI.2016.7493320

  58. Hongyu L, Yang M, Kim J, Ruiying L, Zhang C, Huang P, Gaire SK, Liang D, Li X, Ying L (2020) UltraFast simultaneous T1rho and T2 mapping using deep learning. In: The ISMRM annual meeting

    Google Scholar 

  59. Liu F, Samsonov A, Chen L, Kijowski R, Feng L (2019) SANTIS: sampling-augmented neural network with incoherent structure for MR image reconstruction. Magn Reson Med 2019(82):1890–1904

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Lv J, Guangyuan L, Xiangrong T, Weibo C, Jiahao H, Chengyan W, Guang Y (2021) Transfer learning enhanced generative adversarial networks for multi-channel MRI re-construction. Comput Biol Med 134(2021):104504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104504

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Lin TY, Dollar P, Girshick R, He K, Hariharan B, Belongie S (2017) Feature pyramid networks for object detection. In: Proceedings—30th IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, CVPR 2017, Vol 2017, pp 936–944. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2017.106

  62. Cho J, Lee K, Shin E, Choy G, Do S (2021) How much data is needed to train a medical image deep learning system to achieve necessary high accuracy? https://arxiv.org/abs/1511.06348. Accessed 8 Oct 2021

  63. Kijowski R, Liu F, Caliva F, Pedroia V (2020) Deep learning for lesion detection, progression, and prediction of musculoskeletal disease. J Magn Reson Imaging 52(6):1607–1619. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.27001. Epub 2019 Nov 25. PMID: 31763739; PMCID: PMC7251925

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Manuella Kadar .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Kadar, M., Botnari, A. (2023). Challenges in Deep Learning Applied to the Knee Joint Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Survey. In: Yang, XS., Sherratt, S., Dey, N., Joshi, A. (eds) Proceedings of Seventh International Congress on Information and Communication Technology. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 465. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2397-5_42

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2397-5_42

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-19-2396-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-19-2397-5

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics