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Bioactive α-Amylase Inhibitors: Sources, Mechanism of Action, Biochemical Characterization, and Applications

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Natural Products as Enzyme Inhibitors

Abstract

In the majority of organisms especially plants, biotic stress induces molecular, cellular, and biochemical changes for the expression of defense-related proteins such as proteinaceous inhibitors of digestive enzymes like amylases, proteinases, and lipases. Such bioactive enzyme inhibitory proteins or peptides are the first line of defense of direct response against infesting pest/pathogens. Among all different enzyme inhibitors, α-amylase inhibitors (α-AIs) are prime and attractive candidates for studies and research due to their potential applications. α-AIs display a great diversity in their structure, expression, inhibition specificity, and effectiveness against digestive enzymes from several sources including mammalians, insects, and microbes. Biological applications of α-AIs primarily include their utilization in (a) pest management; (b) microbial pathogen control (antimicrobial activity); (c) human health care management; and (d) food processing industry.

The current book chapter systematically reviews different strategies of purification, biochemical characteristics, biological applications of α-AIs, and bottlenecks in commercial utilization of α-AIs. The challenges in the safe marketable utilization of α-AIs are discussed in detail and alternative approaches and various efficient solutions based on recent advancements in biotechnological research which could be helpful to broaden the scope of α-AIs are also elaborated in detail.

In our opinion, though, there are bottlenecks in commercial utilization (efficient technology development) of α-AIs in various sectors mentioned above; focused research with meaningful utilization of technological advances will help in materializing commercial utilization of bioactive α-AIs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Privi Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Navi Mumbai, India

    Sainath S. Kasar

  2. School of Life Sciences, KBC North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India

    Vijay L. Maheshwari

  3. Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India

    Pankaj K. Pawar

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  1. Sainath S. Kasar
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  2. Vijay L. Maheshwari
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  3. Pankaj K. Pawar
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Correspondence to Pankaj K. Pawar .

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  1. School of Life Sciences, KBC North Maharashtra University, Jalagon, Maharashtra, India

    Vijay L. Maheshwari

  2. Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, R. C. Patel Arts, Commerce and Science College, Shirpur, India

    Ravindra H. Patil

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Kasar, S.S., Maheshwari, V.L., Pawar, P.K. (2022). Bioactive α-Amylase Inhibitors: Sources, Mechanism of Action, Biochemical Characterization, and Applications. In: Maheshwari, V.L., Patil, R.H. (eds) Natural Products as Enzyme Inhibitors. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0932-0_3

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