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Nanodrug Delivery Systems for Infectious Diseases: From Challenges to Solutions

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Nanotechnology for Infectious Diseases

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Abstract

Nanotherapeutics research has been rising steadily in interdisciplinary core area for the development of targeted drug delivery system. The poor gastrointestinal stability, low bioavailability, poor transport behavior limitations are overcome by nanodrug delivery system. The design of an effective drug delivery system depends on the particle size, functional moieties, textural characteristics (surface area, pore size, and pore volume), targeting ligand, cleavable and non-cleavable linker, drug sensitivity to environment stimuli, etc. The functionalization of drugs over nanocarriers needs to improve the stability of drug components, increase the bioavailability, reduce metabolization and excretion. Different types of nanocarriers broadly based on structured silica, carbon, polymers, liposome, metal nanoparticles, gel, nanocage, clay, and viral carriers have been developed for drug delivery system. Infectious diseases are rising globally prompting the need for an advanced drug delivery to overcome the present challenges to solutions. One best option is to utilize the advantages of individual components in mutual nanocomposites. Porous silica and carbon nanocarriers are advantageous with high textural uniformity, non-toxic with high drug loading capabilities. However, several linkers and polymeric wrappings are required for developing a stimuli responsive drug delivery system. Polymeric nanogels are attractive drug delivery options for treating lung infections. However, the hydrogels are affected by mechanical based stress leading to disorientation of porous network by ruptures. Developing a hybrid variants involving silica/hydrogel and carbon/hydrogel nanocomposites could be interesting due to increased stability with similar tissue morphological features that are favorable for microenvironment. Nanocomposites design based on the pharmacological metals, recognition receptors, green nanoparticles, virus mimicking structures, and polyphenols can improve the delivery of vaccines, peptide/antiviral drugs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Deanship of Scientific Research and Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia

    Vijaya Ravinayagam

  2. Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia

    B. Rabindran Jermy

Authors
  1. Vijaya Ravinayagam
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  2. B. Rabindran Jermy
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Correspondence to Vijaya Ravinayagam .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, India

    Saif Hameed

  2. Epidemic Disease Research, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia

    Suriya Rehman

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Ravinayagam, V., Jermy, B.R. (2022). Nanodrug Delivery Systems for Infectious Diseases: From Challenges to Solutions. In: Hameed, S., Rehman, S. (eds) Nanotechnology for Infectious Diseases. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9190-4_13

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