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Lectins pp 185–214Cite as

Lectins in Health and Diseases: Mannan-Binding Lectin and Infectious Diseases

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Abstract

Mannan-binding lectin (MBL), a pathogen recognition receptor of the innate immune system, plays a key role in all types of infections and diseases. The ability of MBL to recognize pathogens facilitates immune mechanisms to function efficiently for the clearance of disease-causing agents. MBL not only initiates activation of lectin complement pathway but also simultaneously facilitates other effector functions of the immune system, such as proinflammatory responses, generation of reactive oxygen species, and phagocytosis. Thus, appropriate levels of MBL provide protection from the majority of diseases. However, certain intracellular organisms whose phagocytosis is increased due to opsonization with MBL get benefits from higher levels of MBL and thus in such cases MBL becomes a facilitator for these organisms to cause diseases. MBL being protective or increasing the susceptibility to various bacterial, viral, parasitic, and fungal infections has been extensively studied. Few important polymorphic sites in the exon and promoter region of MBL gene have been reported and they cause extensive variations in serum MBL concentration. Association of occurrence of diseases with the genetic variants has also been scientifically proven. Even though the immune system of the host is well equipped, pathogens have evolved to employ various survival strategies and evade immune response to cause disease.

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Abbreviations

AIDS:

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

BBB:

Blood–Brain Barrier

C1–C9:

Complement Proteins C1–C9

CMV:

Cytomegalovirus

COPD:

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

CRD:

Carbohydrate Recognition Domain

DV:

Dengue virus

HA:

hemagglutinin

HBV:

Hepatitis B virus

HCV:

Hepatitis C virus

HIV-1:

Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1

IAV:

Influenza A Virus

MAC:

Membrane attack complex

MASPs:

MBL-associated Serine Proteases

MBL:

Mannan-binding Lectin

NA:

Neuraminidase

PAMPs:

Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns

PID:

Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases

PRR:

Pattern Recognition Receptor

RTI:

Respiratory Tract Infections

SARS-CoV:

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus

UTI:

Urinary Tract Infection

WNV:

West Nile Virus

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Acknowledgments

This chapter is dedicated to Dr. R. B.Sim. MRC Immunochemistry Unit. Dept of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

We acknowledge the financial support from Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi -110029, India in the form of a research grant to SS,KH (IRIS ID- 2020-0812).

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The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India

    Sadhana Sharma &  Abhilasha

  2. Shaheed Bheema Nayak Government PG College Barwani, Barwani, MP, India

    Pankaj Kumar Patel

  3. Swami Vivekanand Government Post Graduate College, Neemuch, MP, India

    Komal Choudhary

  4. Protein Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra, India

    Parija P. Phadnavis & Rajesh Kumar Gupta

  5. School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, India

    Sonali R Bhagwat, Sumati Hajela & Krishnan Hajela

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  1. Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, India

    Preetham Elumalai

  2. School of Ocean Science and Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Cochin, Kerala, India

    Sreeja Lakshmi

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Sharma, S. et al. (2021). Lectins in Health and Diseases: Mannan-Binding Lectin and Infectious Diseases. In: Elumalai, P., Lakshmi, S. (eds) Lectins. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7462-4_10

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