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Targeting the Antioxidant Enzymes for the Treatment of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Induced Cancer

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Handbook of Oxidative Stress in Cancer: Therapeutic Aspects

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Abstract

An increase in the free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and/or reduced scavenging through impaired endogenous antioxidant enzymes could result in oxidative stress (OS). The elevated level of OS in the cells may result in extensive cellular damage to molecules with double bond, viz., membrane phospholipid and nucleic acids such as DNA, RNA, and other macromolecules, that ultimately leads to apoptosis or necrosis. Exposure to environmental contaminants and virus could augment the production of ROS and result in the development of cancer. The increase of ROS levels is reported during various physiological and pathological conditions, such as aging, stress, inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, respiratory disorders, diabetes, myocardial infarction, and cancer. This book chapter is focused to discuss several aspects of endogenous antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), their relevance in the initiation of oncogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and carcinogenesis. Several drugs, which primarily utilize antioxidant enzymes to mediate anticancer activities, are also discussed in this chapter. Further, the chapter also collates the information regarding antioxidant enzyme mimics to circumvent several cancer types.

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Abbreviations

CAT:

Catalase

CRC:

Colorectal cancer

CSCs:

Cancer stem cells

Cu/Zn SOD:

Copper/zinc superoxide dismutase

EBV:

Epstein–Barr virus

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

ECSOD:

Extracellular superoxide dismutase

EMT:

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition

ERK:

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase

ETC:

Electron transport chain

FINs:

Ferroptotic inhibitors

FOXO:

Forkhead box transcription factors

GDH:

Glutamate dehydrogenase

GPx:

Glutathione peroxidase

GSH:

Glutathione

GSSH:

Glutathione disulfide

H2O2:

Hydrogen peroxide

HBV:

Hepatitis B virus

HCV:

Hepatitis C virus

HPV:

Human papilloma virus

IFN-γ:

Interferon gamma

IL-1β:

Interleukin 1 beta

IR:

Ionizing radiation

JNK:

c- Jun N-terminal kinase

KRAS:

Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MnSOD:

Manganese superoxide dismutase

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor-κB

Nrf2:

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2

NSCLC:

Non-small cell lung cancer

O2−:

Superoxide

OH:

Hydroxyl radical

OS:

Oxidative stress

P-AscH:

Plasma ascorbate

PDAC:

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

PDH:

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

PKC:

Protein kinase C

PTC:

Papillary thyroid carcinoma

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

RSV:

Respiratory syncytial virus

RTK:

Receptor tyrosine kinase

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

Sp1:

Specificity protein 1

SS:

Sodium selenite

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor-β

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

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Author notes

  1. Sneha Krishnamoorthy and Kokelavani Nampalli Babu contributed equally with all other contributors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

    Sneha Krishnamoorthy, Kokelavani Nampalli Babu, Loganayaki Periyasamy & Sridhar Muthusami

  2. College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA

    Jone A. Stanley

  3. Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    Ilangovan Ramachandran

  4. Biology Department, Farmingdale State College, Farmingdale, NY, USA

    R. Ileng Kumaran

  5. Karpagam Cancer Research Centre, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

    Sridhar Muthusami

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Correspondence to Sridhar Muthusami .

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  1. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India

    Sajal Chakraborti

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Krishnamoorthy, S. et al. (2022). Targeting the Antioxidant Enzymes for the Treatment of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Induced Cancer. In: Chakraborti, S. (eds) Handbook of Oxidative Stress in Cancer: Therapeutic Aspects. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5422-0_219

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