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Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Profile of Salvadora persica Linn

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Edible Plants in Health and Diseases

Abstract

Salvadora persica Linn. (chewing stick) is a desert plant that belongs to the family Salvadoraceae. Parts of this plant have been used as a toothbrush for centuries particularly in the Arab world. It is a highly branched and small evergreen tree or a big shrub that resembles Indian species growing in the hot and arid weather. The ripened berries of Salvadora persica are peppery but edible. The berries are eaten fresh as carminative and appetite stimulant. The World Health Organization has recommended using Salvadora persica as chewing sticks for tooth cleaning purpose. This plant has been known to possess wide spectrum of biological and therapeutic activities. Numerous studies have provided scientific evidence of its usefulness in the treatment of plaques, convulsions, infertility, rheumatism, biliousness, and bacterial and fungal infections. It is also used traditionally as analgesic, cytotoxic, carminative, diuretic, and astringent. This chapter aims to provide an insight on the traditional uses, the pharmacologic actions, and therapeutic benefits of Salvadora persica with a comprehensive explanation of various phytochemicals isolated from different parts of the plant.

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Abbreviations

ABTS:

2,2-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assay

ACE:

Angiotensin-converting enzyme

ASA:

Acetylsalicylic acid

BHA:

Butylated hydroxyanisole

BITC:

Benzyl isothiocyanate

bw:

Body weight

CHX:

Chlorhexidine

CMC:

Carboxymethylcellulose

CV:

Crystal violet

DEAE:

Sepharose-diethylaminoethanol polymer

DPPH:

2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay

FAME:

Fatty acid methyl ester

FRAP:

Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay

GC:

Gas chromatography

GC-MS:

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

HCTZ:

Hydrochlorothiazide

HDL:

High-density lipoproteins

i.p.:

Intraperitoneal

IC50:

Inhibitory concentration in 50% of population

IRI:

Immunoreactive insulin

LDH:

Lactic dehydrogenase

LDL:

Low-density lipoproteins

MCF7:

Michigan Cancer Foundation-7

MDR:

Multidrug resistant

MEO:

Miswak essential oil

OVX:

Ovariectomized

po:

Per oral

PTZ:

Pentylenetetrazol

SDS-PAGE:

Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

SPB:

Sodium pentobarbital

TC:

Total cholesterol

TG:

Triglycerides

UAE:

United Arabic Emirates

WHO:

World Health Organization

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman

    Tanveer Alam

  2. College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman

    Shah Alam Khan & U. M. Dhanalekshmi

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  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Applied Science & Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Mubashir Hussain Masoodi

  2. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Muneeb U Rehman

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Alam, T., Khan, S.A., Dhanalekshmi, U.M. (2022). Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Profile of Salvadora persica Linn. In: Masoodi, M.H., Rehman, M.U. (eds) Edible Plants in Health and Diseases . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4959-2_3

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