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Phytoalexins: Implications in Plant Defense and Human Health

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Plant Secondary Metabolites

Abstract

The sessile habit of plants led to the evolution of plant secondary metabolites that were aiding to the plant defense. One of such groups of secondary metabolites is phytoalexins, which are low molecular weight compounds of antimicrobial nature and are produced by plants in response to the attacking pathogens. Phytoalexins are diverse in their chemical nature, but have a function in common, i.e., plant defense. With the climate change and development of pure line crop varieties, plant diseases are continuously challenging the efforts toward enhancement of crop productivity. The property of phytoalexins to accumulate at infection sites and inhibit the growth of the pathogenic microbes makes them potential antimicrobial agents, which may be exploited for the disease resistance. Since many genes encoding the enzymes involved in their biosynthetic pathway are now well studied, the expression of these genes can be manipulated to engineer future crops for better resistance toward plant pathogens. Besides their key role in plant defense, phytoalexins are also helpful in promoting human health. Some of them are known to possess various bioactive properties such as antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiparasitic, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and growth-stimulating. The present chapter, therefore, highlights their diverse chemical nature, regulation of their biosynthesis, distribution, accumulation, role in plant defense, and potential in promoting human health.

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Acknowledgment

Authors are thankful to the Vice-Chancellor of DAV University for the continuous encouragement and infrastructural support.

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Authors declare that they do not have any conflict of interests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, SBBS University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India

    Indu Sharma

  2. Department of Zoology, DAV College, Jalandhar, Punjab, India

    Abhinay Thakur

  3. Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, DAV University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India

    Aditi Sharma, Narayan Singh, Rahul Kumar & Ashutosh Sharma

  4. Collage of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag, Mandi, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nanuni, Solan, India

    Aditi Sharma

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  1. Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India

    Anil Kumar Sharma

  2. Department of Chemistry, Career Point University, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Ajay Sharma

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Sharma, I., Thakur, A., Sharma, A., Singh, N., Kumar, R., Sharma, A. (2022). Phytoalexins: Implications in Plant Defense and Human Health. In: Sharma, A.K., Sharma, A. (eds) Plant Secondary Metabolites. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4779-6_10

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