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Green Composites pp 63–133Cite as

Processing and Properties of Starch-Based Thermoplastic Matrix for Green Composites

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Part of the book series: Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials ((MHFNN))

Abstract

The high availability and low cost, added to its renewable, biobased and biodegradable nature, make TPS a promising alternative to the non-biodegradable plastics produced from fossil resources. However, in order to be competitive, its mechanical and water vapor barrier properties, as well as its stability in high moisture environments, must be improved. In this chapter, strategies for the development of TPS matrix composites such as those obtained from starch/biodegradable polyester blends are developed. In particular, two systems are deeply described: PBAT/starch and PHB/starch. The chosen polyesters have the important advantage of being biodegradable in soil, very stable in water due to their hydrophobic character and mechanically good enough to improve starch’s properties. The inclusion of fillers and strategies to improve polymer compatibility, including the use of compatibilizers, polymer modifications and special processing conditions, are reported. The properties of these materials are studied from three key points for their application: thermal, barrier and mechanical. The results show that the combination of the two strategies, making a blend and including fillers, leads to the best results. However, there is still much to improve, especially regarding the compatibility between the involved phases.

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Abbreviations

ACR:

Acrylonitrile-chlorinated polyethylene styrene

a w :

Water activity

bio-PE:

Bio-polyethylene

bio-PEF:

Bio-polyethylene furanoate

bio-PET:

Bio-polyethylene terephthalate

BP:

Benzoyl peroxide

BT:

Bentonite

C/OS:

Corn/octenylsuccinated starch

C30B:

Organically modified montmorillonite

CA:

Contact angle

CAc:

Citric acid

CF:

Cellulose fiber

ChCl:

Choline chloride

CNF:

Cellulose nanofiber

CNFs:

Cellulose nanofibrils

CS:

Corn starch

1D:

One-dimensional

2D:

Two-dimensional

DES:

Deep eutectic solvent

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

DMTA:

Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis

DSC:

Differential scanning calorimetry

EB:

Elongation at break

EMA:

Ethylene–methyl acrylate

EVA:

Ethylene-vinyl acetate

EVOH:

Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol)

Gl:

Glycerol

GMA:

Glycidyl methacrylate

HPDSP:

Hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate

HSM:

High-speed mixer

HV:

3-Hydroxyvalerate

Im:

Imidazole

M0:

Monolayer moisture content

MA:

Maleic anhydride

MCC:

Microcrystalline cellulose

MFI:

Melt flow index

MMT:

Montmorillonite

MMTDA:

Modified MMT

NCC:

Nanocrystalline cellulose

nCOM:

Nanoclay organically modified

O/W:

Oil-in-water

OMMT:

Derivate of montmorillonite

OP:

Oxygen permeability

OS:

Octenylsuccinated starch

OSA starch:

Octenyl succinic anhydride-modified starch

PBAT:

Polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate

PBAT-g-MA:

Maleate PBAT

PBT:

Polybutylene terephthalate

PCF:

Plasma-treated cellulose fiber

PCL:

Polycaprolactone

PDA:

Polydopamine

PE:

Polyethylene

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PET:

Polyethylene terephthalate

pEVOH:

Plasticized EVOH

PHA:

Polyhydroxyalkanoate

PHB:

Polyhydroxybutyrate

PHB-g-AA:

Acrylic-acid-grafted PHB

PHBV:

Poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)

PLA:

Polylactic acid

POE-g-GMA:

Glycidyl methacrylate-functionalized polyolefin elastomer

POE-g-MAH:

Maleic anhydride-grafted ethylene–octene copolymer

PPG:

Poly propylene glycol

PS:

Polystyrene

PVA:

Polyvinyl alcohol

PVC:

Polyvinyl alcohol

SEM:

Scanning electron microcopy

SF6:

Sulfur hexafluoride

SME:

Specific mechanical energy

SNC:

Starch nanocrystal

SO:

Soybean oil

SSE:

Single-screw extruder

TA:

Tartaric acid

TBC:

Tributyl citrate

TBoAC:

Tributyl o-acetylcitrate

T d :

Decomposition temperature

TEC:

Triethyl citrate

T g :

Glass transition temperature

T m :

Melting temperature

TOMC:

Oxidized MCC

TPS:

Thermoplastic starch

TS:

Tensile strength

TSE:

Twin-screw extruder

U:

Urea

UM:

Urea-intercalated montmorillonite

VAc:

Vinyl acetate

WC:

Water content

WF:

Wood fiber

WS:

Water sorption

WSNC:

Waxy starch nanocrystal

WVP:

Water vapor permeability

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Agencia Nacional de Promoción científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT PICT 2017-2362), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBACyT 20020170100381BA).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dirección de Materiales Avanzados, Áreas del Conocimiento, INTI, CONICET, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Laura Ribba

  2. Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Laura Ribba & Silvia Goyanes

  3. Dirección de Materiales Avanzados, INTI‐Áreas del Conocimiento, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Maria Cecilia Lorenzo

  4. Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Maria Cecilia Lorenzo & Patricia Eisenberg

  5. Facultad de Ingeniería, ITPN. Instituto de Tecnología en Polímeros y Nanotecnología, CONICET—UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Maribel Tupa & Mariana Melaj

  6. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires (IFIBA), CONICET—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Silvia Goyanes

  7. Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Maribel Tupa

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  1. Laura Ribba
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Correspondence to Silvia Goyanes .

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  1. School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India

    Sabu Thomas

  2. IIUCNN, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India

    Preetha Balakrishnan

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Ribba, L., Lorenzo, M.C., Tupa, M., Melaj, M., Eisenberg, P., Goyanes, S. (2021). Processing and Properties of Starch-Based Thermoplastic Matrix for Green Composites. In: Thomas, S., Balakrishnan, P. (eds) Green Composites. Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9643-8_4

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