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Epigenetics in Multiple Sclerosis

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Epigenetics in Allergy and Autoimmunity

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1253))

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an aggravating autoimmune disease that cripples young patients slowly with physical, sensory and cognitive deficits. The break of self-tolerance to neuronal antigens is the key to the pathogenesis of MS, with autoreactive T cells causing demyelination that subsequently leads to inflammation-mediated neurodegenerative events in the central nervous system. The exact etiology of MS remains elusive; however, the interplay of genetic and environmental factors contributes to disease development and progression. Given that genetic variation only accounts for a fraction of risk for MS, extrinsic risk factors including smoking, infection and lack of vitamin D or sunshine, which cause changes in gene expression, contribute to disease development through epigenetic regulation. To date, there is a growing body of scientific evidence to support the important roles of epigenetic processes in MS. In this chapter, the three main layers of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, namely DNA methylation, histone modification and microRNA-mediated gene regulation, will be discussed, with a particular focus on the role of epigenetics on dysregulated immune responses and neurodegenerative events in MS. Also, the potential for epigenetic modifiers as biomarkers and therapeutics for MS will be reviewed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

    Vera Sau-Fong Chan

  2. Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China

    Vera Sau-Fong Chan

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  1. Vera Sau-Fong Chan
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Correspondence to Vera Sau-Fong Chan .

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  1. Division of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Joe DiMaggio Children’s Hospital, Hollywood, FL, USA

    Christopher Chang

  2. Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

    Qianjin Lu

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Chan, V.SF. (2020). Epigenetics in Multiple Sclerosis. In: Chang, C., Lu, Q. (eds) Epigenetics in Allergy and Autoimmunity. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1253. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3449-2_12

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