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Brain-Machine Interfaces for Closed-Loop Electrical Brain Stimulation in Neuropsychiatric Disorders

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Handbook of Neuroengineering

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Abstract

Neuropsychiatric disorders are a leading cause of disability worldwide. Precisely tailored electrical stimulation of the brain holds promise for developing novel treatments for these disorders. Recently, brain-machine interface (BMI) frameworks have been proposed for building closed-loop stimulation systems that would intelligently tailor the electrical stimulation to relieve symptoms. However, to realize such BMIs for neuropsychiatric disorders in the future, at least two critical components are needed: first, a neural decoder that can process brain signals in real time and estimate the current symptom state and second, a model of how electrical stimulation affects the brain signals. In this chapter, we review recent progress toward developing these components. First, new methods have been developed for modeling the encoding of human mood variations in brain signals. These models have enabled successful decoding of mood variations from intracranial human brain activity and revealed brain regions and spectro-spatial neural features that are mood-predictive. Second, new methods and stimulation waveforms have been developed for modeling how electrical stimulation affects brain signals. These components can help pave the way for developing closed-loop BMIs that enable precisely tailored electrical brain stimulation and serve as novel therapies for intractable neuropsychiatric disorders.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Omid G. Sani, Yuxiao Yang & Maryam M. Shanechi

  2. Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Maryam M. Shanechi

  3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Maryam M. Shanechi

Authors
  1. Omid G. Sani
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  2. Yuxiao Yang
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  3. Maryam M. Shanechi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Maryam M. Shanechi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

    Nitish V. Thakor

Section Editor information

  1. National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

    Andrei Dragomir

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Sani, O.G., Yang, Y., Shanechi, M.M. (2021). Brain-Machine Interfaces for Closed-Loop Electrical Brain Stimulation in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. In: Thakor, N.V. (eds) Handbook of Neuroengineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2848-4_107-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2848-4_107-1

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  • Print ISBN: 978-981-15-2848-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-15-2848-4

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