Abstract
The dependency of the growing population for the requirement of food has put an immense pressure on agriculture. As a direct consequence, different stakeholders especially associated with the agri-ecosystem are making concentrated efforts to enhance crop productivity. This has resulted in indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides/insecticides in agricultural fields. Pesticides are mainly used to control unwanted growth of plants (weeds) and also to control the population of pests, so that the agricultural and industrial products remain safe. In modern agriculture, several pesticides including organochlorine, organophosphate, carbamate, fungicides, herbicides, and synthetic pyrethroids are well effective in this regard. Because of their low cost of manufacturing, organophosphate pesticide (OPP) is the preferred one among them. The worldwide use of organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) in natural agri-ecosystems is now a well-documented fact. Out of five billion pounds of pesticides which are used worldwide every year, organophosphate pesticides (mostly insecticides) constitute 20–38%, and the main candidates are chlorpyrifos, dichlorvos, diazinon, dimethoate, fenitrothion, methyl parathion, monocrotophos, malathion, and profenophos. Regular use of these pesticides results in an increase in environmental and occupational exposures. During the last few decades, there is a growing concern among consumers as well as among farmers about their negative effect in human and environmental health. In spite of the efforts to shift toward organic farming practices, the residual levels of OPs in soil and water bodies are still posing a threat to environment. To eliminate the OP pesticides or reduce their concentration from the environment, development of sustainable microbial-based bioremediation strategies has been initiated in the early 1970s, and the enzymatic degradation of OPs by organophosphorus hydrolase enzymes has been well studied in this regard. Modern biotechnological inventions and recently developed omics-based techniques have further increased the effectiveness of this process.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Antonijevic B, Stojiljkovic MP (2007) Oxtime efficacy against organophosphates. Clin Med Res 5(1):71–82
Beleno Cabarcas MT, Stoytcheva M, Zlatev R, Montero G, Velkova Z, Gochev V (2018) Chitosan nanocomposite modified OPH-based Amperometric sensor for organophosphorus pesticides determination. Curr Anal Chem 14(1):75–82
Cartier C, Warembourg C, Le Maner-Idrissi G, Lacroix A, Rouget F, Monfort C, Limon G, Durand G, Saint-Amour D, Cordier S, Chevrier C (2015) Organophosphate insecticide metabolites in prenatal and childhood urine samples and intelligence scores at 6 years of age: results from the mother–child PELAGIE cohort (France). Environ Health Perspect 124(5):674–680
Chatterjee S, Dutta TK (2003) Metabolism of butyl benzyl phthalate by Gordonia sp. strain MTCC 4818. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 309(1):36–43
Chatterjee S, Karlovsky P (2010) Removal of the endocrine disrupter butyl benzyl phthalate from the environment. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 87(1):61–73
Croes K, Den Hond E, Bruckers L, Govarts E, Schoeters G, Covaci A, Loots I, Morrens B, Nelen V, Sioen I, Van Larebeke N (2015) Endocrine actions of pesticides measured in the Flemish environment and health studies (FLEHS I and II). Environ Sci Pollut Res 22(19):14589–14599
Darko G, Akoto O (2008) Dietary intake of organophosphorus pesticide residues through vegetables from Kumasi, Ghana. Food Chem Toxicol 46(12):3703–3706
Engel SM, Wetmur J, Chen J, Zhu C, Barr DB, Canfield RL, Wolff MS (2011) Prenatal exposure to organophosphates, paraoxonase 1, and cognitive development in childhood. Environ Health Perspect 119(8):1182–1188
Eskenazi B, Marks AR, Bradman A, Harley K, Barr DB, Johnson C, Morga N, Jewell NP (2007) Organophosphate pesticide exposure and neurodevelopment in young Mexican-American children. Environ Health Perspect 115(5):792–798
Essumang DK, Asare EA, Dodoo DK (2013) Pesticides residues in okra (non-target crop) grown close to a watermelon farm in Ghana. Environ Monit Assess 185(9):7617–7625
FAO- Pesticides Use Data [Internet] (2019) [cited January 28, 2019]. Available from: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/RP
Farina Y, Munawar N, Abdullah MP, Yaqoob M, Nabi A (2018) Fate, distribution, and bioconcentration of pesticides impact on the organic farms of Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. Environ Monit Assess 190(7):386
Fenik J, Tankiewicz M, Biziuk M (2011) Properties and determination of pesticides in fruits and vegetables. TrAC Trends Anal Chem 30(6):814–826
Field MJ, Wymore TW (2014) Multiscale modeling of nerve agent hydrolysis mechanisms: a tale of two Nobel prizes. Phys Scr 89(10):108004
Fuhrimann S, Winkler MS, Staudacher P, Weiss FT, Stamm C, Eggen RI, Lindh CH, Menezes-Filho JA, Baker JM, Ramírez-Muñoz F, Gutiérrez-Vargas R (2019) Exposure to pesticides and health effects on farm owners and workers from conventional and organic agricultural farms in Costa Rica: protocol for a cross-sectional study. JMIR Res Protocols 8(1):e10914
Gao J, Ellis LBM, Wackett LP (2010) The University of Minnesota Biocatalysis/biodegradation database: improving public access. Nucleic Acids Res 38:D488–D491
Gnusowski B, Nowacka A, Łozowicka B, Szpyrka E, Walorczyk S (2011) Pesticide residues in organic food and feed of plant origin. J Res Appl Agricult Eng 56(3):102–107
Gotthard G, Hiblot J, Gonzalez D, Chabriere E, Elias M (2013) Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the organophosphorus hydrolase OPHC2 from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes. Acta Crystallogr Sect F: Struct Biol Cryst Commun 69(1):73–76
Grandjean P, Landrigan PJ (2014) Neurobehavioural effects of developmental toxicity. Lancet Neurol 13(3):330–338
Hondred JA, Breger JC, Alves NJ, Trammell SA, Walper SA, Medintz IL, Claussen JC (2018) Printed graphene electrochemical biosensors fabricated by inkjet maskless lithography for rapid and sensitive detection of organophosphates. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 10(13):11125–11134
Kazemi M, Tahmasbi AM, Valizadeh R, Naserian AA, Soni A (2012) Organophosphate pesticides. Agricult Sci Res J 2(9):512–522
Kumar S, Kaushik G, Dar MA, Nimesh S, Lopez-Chuken UJ, Villarreal-Chiu JF (2018) Microbial degradation of organophosphate pesticides: a review. Pedosphere 28(2):190–208
Mahajan R, Attri S, Mehta V, Udayabanu M, Goel G (2018) Microbe-bio-chemical insight: reviewing interactions between dietary polyphenols and gut microbiota. Mini Rev Med Chem 18(15):1253–1264
Mahajan R, Verma S, Kushwaha M, Singh D, Akhter Y, Chatterjee S (2019) Biodegradation of di-n-butyl phthalate by psychrotolerant Sphingobium yanoikuyae strain P4 and protein structural analysis of carboxylesterase involved in the pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 122:806–816
Mahajan R, Chatterjee S (2018) A simple HPLC–DAD method for simultaneous detection of two organophosphates, profenofos and fenthion, and validation by soil microcosm experiment. Environ Monit Assess 190(6)
Mie A, Andersen HR, Gunnarsson S, Kahl J, Kesse-Guyot E, Rembiałkowska E, Quaglio G, Grandjean P (2017) Human health implications of organic food and organic agriculture: a comprehensive review. Environ Health 16(1):111
Muñoz-Quezada MT, Iglesias V, Lucero B, Steenland K, Barr DB, Levy K, Ryan PB, Alvarado S, Concha C (2012) Predictors of exposure to organophosphate pesticides in schoolchildren in the province of Talca, Chile. Environ Int 47:28–36
Namba T (1971) Cholinesterase inhibition by organophosphorus compounds and its clinical effects. Bull World Health Organ 44(1–3):289
Narang U, Narang P, Gupta OP (2015) Organophosphorus poisoning: a social calamity. J Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sci 20(1):46–51
Peter JV, Sudarsan TI, Moran JL (2014) Clinical features of organophosphate poisoning: a review of different classification systems and approaches. Indian J Critic Care Med 18(11):735
Quijano L, Yusà V, Font G, Pardo O (2016) Chronic cumulative risk assessment of the exposure to organophosphorus, carbamate and pyrethroid and pyrethrin pesticides through fruit and vegetables consumption in the region of Valencia (Spain). Food Chem Toxicol 89:39–46
Rathnayake LK, Northrup SH (2016) Structure and mode of action of organophosphate pesticides: a computational study. Computational and Theoretical Chemistry 1088:9–23
Robb EL, Baker MB (2018) Organophosphate toxicity. In Stat pearls [internet]. StatPearls Publishing
Roca M, Miralles-Marco A, Ferré J, Pérez R, Yusà V (2014) Biomonitoring exposure assessment to contemporary pesticides in a school children population of Spain. Environ Res 131:77–85
Sapbamrer R, Hongsibsong S (2014) Organophosphorus pesticide residues in vegetables from farms, markets, and a supermarket around Kwan Phayao Lake of northern Thailand. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 67(1):60–67
Schofield DA, DiNovo AA (2010) Generation of a mutagenized organophosphorus hydrolase for the biodegradation of the organophosphate pesticides malathion and demeton-S. J Appl Microbiol 109(2):548–557
Singh BK, Walker A (2006) Microbial degradation of organophosphorus compounds. FEMS Microbiol Rev 30:428–471
Spaan S, Pronk A, Koch HM, Jusko TA, Jaddoe VW, Shaw PA, Tiemeier HM, Hofman A, Pierik FH, Longnecker MP (2015) Reliability of concentrations of organophosphate pesticide metabolites in serial urine specimens from pregnancy in the Generation R Study. J Expos Sci Environ Epidemiol 25(3):286
Swarnam TP, Velmurugan A (2013) Pesticide residues in vegetable samples from the Andaman Islands, India. Environ Monit Assess 185(7):6119–6127
Szala J, Szponik M (2012) Dynamics of chlorpyrifos residues in cauliflower cultivation fadeDynamika zanikania pozostałości chloropiryfosu w uprawie kalafiora. Prog Plant Protect 52(4):1117–1119
Tilman D, Cassman KG, Matson PA, Naylor R, Polasky S (2002) Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices. Nature 418(6898):671
Vermeire T, MacPhail R, Waters M (2003) Integrated human and ecological risk assessment: a case study of Organophosphorous pesticides in the environment. Hum Ecol Risk Assess Int J 9(1):343–357
Witczak A, Pohoryło A, Abdel-Gawad H, Cybulski J (2018) Residues of some organophosphorus pesticides on and in fruits and vegetables available in Poland, an assessment based on the European union regulations and health assessment for human populations. Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Relat Elem:1–10
Young JG, Eskenazi B, Gladstone EA, Bradman A, Pedersen L, Johnson C, Barr DB, Furlong CE, Holland NT (2005) Association between in utero organophosphate pesticide exposure and abnormal reflexes in neonates. Neurotoxicology 26(2):199–209
Yu R, Liu Q, Liu J, Wang Q, Wang Y (2016) Concentrations of organophosphorus pesticides in fresh vegetables and related human health risk assessment in Changchun, Northeast China. Food Control 60:353–360
Acknowledgments
The authors are thankful to Dr. Ashok Nadda, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, HP, who has kindly invited us to contribute this chapter and also for his encouragement and advice since the invitation. Research in SC lab is supported by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mahajan, R., Chandel, S., Chatterjee, S. (2019). Environmental Fate of Organophosphate Residues from Agricultural Soils to Fresh Farm Produce: Microbial Interventions for Sustainable Bioremediation Strategies. In: Kumar, A., Sharma, S. (eds) Microbes and Enzymes in Soil Health and Bioremediation. Microorganisms for Sustainability, vol 16. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9117-0_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9117-0_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-9116-3
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-9117-0
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)