Abstract
Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) plays a key role in the pathophysiology of the cardiovascular and renal system. Within this system stimulation of the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) AT1 by the peptide angiotensin II (AII) has a central role. Molecules have been discovered which either block the formation of AII or compete with the activation of the AT1 receptor. Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) or sartans are the first synthetic drugs of the latter class. Up to now the question has not been answered how the drug molecules reach the receptor site. Are these molecules incorporated in the lipid bilayers core before they freely diffuse to reach the active site or do they enter at the receptor binding site directly from the water phase? Both mechanisms are possible and may have a synergistic action. Various biophysical techniques, such as calorimetric, spectroscopic and X-ray scattering methods can provide valuable information on the dynamic and thermodynamic changes caused when drugs are incorporated into the lipid bilayers. Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations are a valuable tool to acquire atomic level information on the molecular basis of the interaction between the drugs and the RAS system. The purpose of this chapter is to review the contribution of the various biophysical techniques and MD on drug-membrane interactions on the RAS system. Studies described in the manuscript are mainly referred to drugs acting on the GPCR AT1 receptor, however it is envisaged that the discussed concepts of drug interaction can apply also to other GPCRs.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by CERIC funded programme (proposal number 20152002), for the promotion of the exchange and scientific cooperation between Greece and Germany IKYDA 2015 and by the Cy-Tera Project (ΝΕΑ ΥΠΟΔΟΜΗ/ΣΤΡΑΤΗ/0308/31), which is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund and the Republic of Cyprus through the Research Promotion Foundation.
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Ntountaniotis, D. et al. (2019). Drug-Membrane Interactions in the Renin Angiotensin System. In: Demetzos, C., Pippa, N. (eds) Thermodynamics and Biophysics of Biomedical Nanosystems. Series in BioEngineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0989-2_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0989-2_10
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