Abstract
Major anthropogenic sources of these emissions include vehicular transport and industrial activity. The industrial sector accounts for the largest share of delivered energy consumption and is expected to consume over half of the global delivered energy in 2040. 31% of the world energy consumption or 200 quadrillion British Thermal unit (Btu) is consumed in the industrial sector worldwide. This is expected to rise to 307 Btu in 2040. Commensurate with the energy consumption in the world, worldwide energy-related carbon dioxide emissions are expected to increase from 31 billion metric tons to 36 billion metric tons in 2020 and 45 billion metric tons in 2040. Greenhouse gas emissions for 2012 are estimated to be 31.6 Gt (Gt). This paper examines how much carbon dioxide can be attributed to industry and what are the ways to decarbonize industry in the Indian context. While the regulatory mechanism required to reduce energy intensity is in place for the most energy-intensive industrial sectors, the generation of electricity is still primarily dependent of coal. Use of renewable needs to be stepped up and is line with India’s commitment of INDCs.
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Notes
- 1.
Delivered energy is measured as the heat content of energy at the site of use.
- 2.
Seto et al. (2014).
- 3.
De industrialization.
- 4.
CO2 emissions differ by fuel and the use of fuel is not distributed evenly across industrial subsectors.
- 5.
Ozone precursors (hydrocarbons and nitrogen dioxide) are also emitted during combustion of fossil fuels and associated with transport and industrial activity. Ground-level ozone is formed by reaction of sunlight on air containing these precursors. Ozone at ground level is not only a pollutant whose levels in urban areas worldwide are rising but is also a greenhouse gas.
- 6.
Assuming that carbon dioxide is the only anthropogenically generated greenhouse gas.
- 7.
Industries tend to be located in or near cities. While the Ministry of Environment and Forests note that the site of industries has to be 25 km away from cities and the spatial direction of growth for a decade must be assessed while taking a decision regarding the site of an industry, Lall and Mengistae (2005) observe that local business environment and agglomeration economies significantly influence the business location choices across cities in India.
- 8.
Guttikunda and Jawahar (2012) report that in all six cities, industries are within city limits and in areas of high population density.
- 9.
Press release: http://pib.nic.in/newsite/mbErel.aspx?relid=85182.
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Ray, S., Kumar, N. (2018). Strategies to Lower Carbon Emissions in Industry. In: Kathuria, R., Ray, S., Bandyopadhyay, K. (eds) Low Carbon Pathways for Growth in India. India Studies in Business and Economics. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0905-2_7
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