Skip to main content

Babyroom Workers: Care in Practice

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Under-three Year Olds in Policy and Practice

Abstract

What are we are asking of the young women employed in baby rooms in daycare settings? Globally, baby room workers find themselves in the unenviable position of having limited training, low status, poor pay and conditions but extraordinarily high levels of responsibility for babies for most of their waking (and sleeping) lives during the working week. Through a series of six research and development projects carried out between 2009 and 2015 in early years setting for under-3 year olds in England, evidence has emerged that baby room employees are concerned to increase and develop their knowledge but remain predominantly driven by the fulfilment of functional tasks. Using an interpretive, exploratory approach within a critical feminist paradigm, the projects identified the problematic expectations faced by people employed to ‘care’ for babies and young children within a policy context that devalues that care and accords baby room workers very little status in society. The chapter argues that the ‘value’ applied to babies and young children (and consequently to those who care for them) is currently not very high and the increased urgency to ‘professionalise’ childcare might be leading to an international side-stepping of the apparently contentious issues of affect, intimacy and nurturance, leading to uncertainty about the very nature of care for babies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    The 6 projects were variously funded by: Esmée Fairbairn Foundation; Hampshire, Surrey and West Sussex Local Authorities; The Froebel Trust; and The Ragdoll Foundation.

References

  • Ball, S. J. (2008). The education debate. Bristol: Policy Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell, J. R. (2011). The provision of nursery education in England and Wales to 1967 with special reference to North-East England. Durham theses, Durham University. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1401. Accessed 13 Sept 2015.

  • Ben-Galim, D. (2012). Making the case for universal childcare. London: IPPR.

    Google Scholar 

  • BERA. (2014). Research and the teaching profession: Building the capacity for a self-improving education system. London: BERA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clasien De Schipper, J., Tavecchio, L., & Van Ijzendoorn, M. (2008). Children’s attachment relationships with day care caregivers: Associations with positive caregiving and the child’s temperament. Social Development, 17(3), 454–470.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dalli, C., White, E. J., Rockel, J., Duhn, I., with Buchanan, E., Davidson, S., Ganly, S., Kus, L., & Wang, B. (2011) Quality early childhood education for under-two-year-olds: What should it look like? A literature review. Report to the Ministry of Education. New Zealand: Ministry of Education. https://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/publications/ECE/Quality_ECE_for_under-two-year-olds/965_QualityECE_Web-22032011.pdf. Accessed 28 June 2012.

  • Degotardi, S., & Pearson, E. (2014). The relationship worlds of infants and toddlers, multiple perspectives from early years theory and practice. Maidenhead: Open University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Department for Education. (2014). Statutory framework for the early years foundation stage. Setting the standards for learning, development and care for children from birth to five. London: DfE. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/335504/EYFS_framework_from_1_September_2014__with_clarification_note.pdf. Accessed 13 Sept 2015.

  • DfES / Sure Start Unit. (2003). Birth to three matters. A framework to support children in their earliest years. Sudbury: DfES Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisenstadt, N. (2011). Providing a sure start. How government discovered early childhood. Bristol: The Policy Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Elfer, P. (2012). Emotion in nursery work: Work discussion as a model of critical professional reflection. Early Years: An International Research Journal, 32(2), 129–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elkind, D. (2015). Giants in the nursery. A biographical history of developmentally appropriate practice. St Paul: Redleaf Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fornet-Betancourt, R., Becker, H., Gomez-Muller, A., & Gauthier, J. D. (1984). The ethic of care for the self as a practice of freedom: Interview with Michel Foucault on January 20, 1984. Philosophy and Social Criticism, 12(2–3), 112–131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (1986). The care of the self. The history of sexuality 3. (R. Hurley, Trans.). New York: Pantheon Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gambaro, L. Stewart, K., & Waldfogel, J. (2013) A question of quality: Do children from disadvantaged backgrounds receive lower quality early years education and care in England? London: LSE. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/51274/. Accessed 13 Oct 2015

  • Giroux, H. A. (2004). Public pedagogy and the politics of Neo-Liberalism: Making the political more pedagogical. Policy Futures in Education, 2(3–4), 494–502.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goouch, K., & Powell, S. (2013). The baby room: Principles, policies and practice. Maidenhead: Open University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goouch, T., David, K., Powell, S., & Abbott, L. (2003). Birth to three matters: A review of the literature. London: DfES.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, C., & Macblain, A. (2015). Learning theories in childhood (2nd ed.). London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holloway, S. L. (1998). Local childcare cultures: Moral geographies of mothering and the social organisation of pre-school education. Gender, Place & Culture, 5(1), 29–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lofdahl, A., & Folke-Fichtelius, M. (2015). Preschool’s new suit: Care in terms of learning and knowledge. Early Years, 35(3), 260–272.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mathers, S., Ranns, H., Karemaker, A., Moody, A., Sylva, K., Graham, J., & Siraj-Blatchford, I. (2011). Evaluation of the graduate leader fund final report. London: Department for Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meade, A., Robinson, L., Smorti, S., Williamson, J. with Carrroll-Lind, J., Meagher-Lundberg, P., & Te Whau, S. (2012) Early childhood teachers’ work in education and care centres: Profiles, patterns and purposes. Wellington, DC: Te Tari Puna Ora. https://ecnz.ac.nz/assets/RelatedDocuments/Early-Childhood-Teachers-work-in-education-and-carecentres-web-090812.pdf. Accessed 3 May 2016.

  • Miller, L., Dalli, C., & Urban, M. (Eds.). (2012). Early childhood grows up, towards a critical ecology of the profession. London: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moser, T. (2015) Stakeholders study. Values, beliefs and concerns of parents, staff and policy representatives regarding ECEC services in nine European countries. First report on parents. CARE Curriculum Quality Analysis and Impact Review of European ECEC. Available online at: http://ecec-care.org/fileadmin/careproject/Publications/reports/summaries/D6_2_ExecutiveSummary.pdf. Accessed 13 Oct 2015.

  • Moss, P. (2006). Structures, understandings and discourses: Possibilities for re-envisioning the early childhood worker. Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood, 7(1), 30–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moss, P. (2016). Why can’t we get beyond quality? Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood, 17(1), 8–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Naumann, I. (2011). Towards the marketization of early childhood education and care? Recent developments in Sweden and the United Kingdom. Nordic Journal of Social Research, 1(1), 37–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nolan, A., & Nuttall, J. (2013). Editorial: Integrated children’s services: Re-thinking research, policy and practice. Early Years, 33(4), 337–340.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nutbrown, C. (2012). The foundations of quality, the independent review of early education and childcare qualifications. Runcorn: DfE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nutbrown, C. (2013). Shaking the foundations of quality? Why ‘childcare’ policy must not lead to poor-quality early education and care. Sheffield: Sheffield University. http://www.shef.ac.uk/polopoly_fs/1.263201!/file/Shakingthefoundationsofquality.pdf. Accessed 13 Oct 2015.

  • OECD. (2007). Babies and bosses – Reconciling work and family life: A synthesis of findings for OECD countries. Paris: OECD.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Office for National Statistics. (2015). Births in England and Wales July 2014. London: Office for National Statistics. http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_410897.pdf. Accessed 13 Oct 2015.

  • Osgood, J. (2010). Reconstructing professionalism in ECEC: The case for the ‘critically reflective emotional professional’. Early Years, 30(2), 119–133.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Page, J. (2011). Do mothers want professional carers to love their babies? Journal of Early Childhood Research, 9(3), 310–323.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Page, J. (2013). Will the ‘good’ [working] mother please stand up? Professional and maternal concerns about education, care and love. Gender and Education, 25(5), 548–563.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pascal, C., & Bertram, T. (2000). OECD country note. Early childhood education and care policy in the United Kingdom. Paris: OECD. http://www.oecd.org/unitedkingdom/2535034.pdf. Accessed 13 Oct 2015.

  • Penn, H. (2011). Quality in early childhood services, an international perspective. Maidenhead: Open University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pugh, G. (2013). The policy agenda for early childhood services. In G. Pugh & B. Duffy (Eds.), Contemporary issues in the early years (6th ed., pp. 3–20). London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Save the Children / Daycare Trust. (2011). Making work pay – The childcare trap. London: Save the Children.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scarr, S. (1998). American childcare today. American Psychologist, 53(2), 95–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shipler, D. (2005). The working poor: Invisible in America. New York: Random House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trevarthen, C., Barr, I., Dunlop, A.W., Gjersoe, N., Marwick, H., & Stephen, C. (2003). Review of childcare and the development of children aged 0–3: Research evidence and implications for out-of-home provision, supporting a young child’s needs for care and affection, shared meaning and a social place. Edinburgh: The Scottish Executive www.gov.scot/resource/doc/933/0007610. Accessed 18 Oct 2015.

  • Tronto, J. (1993). Moral boundaries. A political argument for an ethic of care. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tronto, J. (2013). Caring democracy. Markets, equality, and justice. New York: New York University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNESCO. (2004). Access, public investment, and equity in ECCE: The Nexus in nine high-population countries. UNESCO Policy Brief on Early Childhood, Number 19. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001374/137408e.pdf. Accessed 13 Oct 2015.

  • Waldegrave, H. (2013). Quality childcare: Improving early years childcare. London: Policy Exchange.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waters, J., & Payler, J. (2015). The professional development of early years educators – Achieving systemic, sustainable and transformative change. Professional Development in Education, 41(2), 161–168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White, E. J., & Redder, B. (2015). Proximity with under two-year-olds in early childhood education: A silent pedagogical encounter. Early Child Development and Care, 185(11–12), 1783–1800.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kathy Goouch .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Goouch, K., Powell, S. (2017). Babyroom Workers: Care in Practice. In: White, E.J., Dalli, C. (eds) Under-three Year Olds in Policy and Practice. Policy and Pedagogy with Under-three Year Olds: Cross-disciplinary Insights and Innovations. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2275-3_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2275-3_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-2274-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-2275-3

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics