Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the descending air current of a smoke layer for smoke logging during sprinkler operation. The results could be used for performance-based evacuation safety design. Smoke layers were investigated experimentally using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and were analyzed according to the size of the fire source and the type of sprinkler head. As a result, a relationship was obtained between the mean droplet diameter, droplet velocity, and spray distribution for each sprinkler head. In addition, the descending air current of smoke was studied as a function of the fire source size and the velocity of the descending air current. It was predicted by the regression equation that the smoke layer moved to the bottom layer when the descending air current speed reached 0.6 m/s and confirmed that a stable descending air current was generated only when the fire source size exceeded 100 kW.
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Abbreviations
- A d :
-
Cross-sectional area (m2)
- B :
-
Buoyancy force of the smoke layer (N/m)
- C D :
-
Drag coefficient (-)
- D′:
-
Resistance force for the drag water droplets (N)
- g :
-
Gravitational acceleration (m/s2)
- ΔH C :
-
Heat of combustion (kJ/g)
- m b :
-
Burning rate (g/s)
- m d :
-
Water droplet mass (kg)
- n :
-
Particles per unit volume number (-/m3)
- n i :
-
Particle diameter (μm)
- Q :
-
Heat release rate (kW)
- R e :
-
Reynolds number (-)
- r :
-
Radius of the water droplet (m)
- T s :
-
Smoke layer temperature (K)
- T 0 :
-
Lower layer temperature (K)
- v d :
-
Vertical particle velocity (m/s)
- W :
-
Sprinkler watering spray amount (kg/m2∙s)
- \( \overline{x} \) :
-
Sauter mean diameter (μm)
- x i :
-
Number of particles (-)
- μ :
-
Viscosity (Pa∙s)
- ρ :
-
Smoke layer density (kg/m3)
- ρ s :
-
Smoke layer air density (kg/m3)
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by grants of the National Emergency Management Agency that showcase our Fire Safety Technology Development (“NEMA-Next Generation-2011-30”).
This work was supported by the Center for Fire Science and Technology, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science.
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Seo, DG. et al. (2017). An Experimental Study on the Smoke-Logging Phenomenon Using Sprinkler for Performance-Based Evacuation Safety Design. In: Harada, K., Matsuyama, K., Himoto, K., Nakamura, Y., Wakatsuki, K. (eds) Fire Science and Technology 2015. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0376-9_88
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0376-9_88
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