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Phenotypic Variation Between Transgenic Plants: What is Making Gene Expression Unpredictable?

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Somaclonal Variation and Induced Mutations in Crop Improvement

Part of the book series: Current Plant Science and Biotechnology in Agriculture ((PSBA,volume 32))

Abstract

From the very beginnings of genetic engineering, researchers have questioned whether the genes that were being transformed into plants would be expressed as predictably as those that had evolved there. In one of the most extensive of the early studies on the inheritance of newly introduced traits, Müller et al. (1987) reported that the rate of transgene inactivation was comparable to rates of spontaneous mutation for a naturally evolved gene. To measure this, they introduced the coding region for neomycin phosphotransferase II (npt) driven by the nopaline synthase promoter (nos pr) into tobacco. When homozygous transformants with a single copy of the nos pr-npt gene were back-crossed to untransformed plants, the frequencies of nos pr-npt gene inactivation in the progenies of two transgenic lines were 6/45 000 and 25/45 000. Unfortunately, none of those plants that appeared to have lost resistance to kanamycin could be rescued before they died. As a result, it was not possible to determine whether the loss of the trait was due to mutational inactivation of the gene or to epigenetic suppression of the phenotype. In a more recent study, Dehio and Schell (1993) produced morphologically altered Arabidopsis plants by introducing a single copy of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolA gene. They then screened the progeny of homozygous plants for individuals that reverted to normal. None was found within a sampling of 10 000 progeny. In fact, reversion to a wild-type appearance was only seen among the M2 progeny of plants treated with the chemical mutagen ethylmethanesulphonate (EMS).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology, and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-3052, USA

    A. Caplan

  2. Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-2339, USA

    P. H. Berger & M. Naderi

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  2. P. H. Berger
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Production, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    S. M. Jain

  2. Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biochemistry Division, International Rice Research Institute, 1099, Manila, Philippines

    D. S. Brar

  3. Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, Vienna, Austria

    B. S. Ahloowalia

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Caplan, A., Berger, P.H., Naderi, M. (1998). Phenotypic Variation Between Transgenic Plants: What is Making Gene Expression Unpredictable?. In: Jain, S.M., Brar, D.S., Ahloowalia, B.S. (eds) Somaclonal Variation and Induced Mutations in Crop Improvement. Current Plant Science and Biotechnology in Agriculture, vol 32. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9125-6_27

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