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Revegetation Strategies for Northern Temperate Glacial Marshes and Meadows

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An International Perspective on Wetland Rehabilitation

Abstract

Today the temperate mid-continent of North America is an intensively agricultural region, with most land in crop or livestock production. Tile and ditch systems drain water from the swales and depressions of the level to rolling glacial terrain, facilitating both crop growth and transportation. Early explorers that could find “no way through the interminable lakes and swamps ”in the mid-1800s would traverse a grid of improved roads (generally every 1.6 km or 1 mile) if they traveled there today. Prior to these cultural improvements, wetlands covered between 15% and 60% of the landscape, the extent varying with landform (Galatowitsch and van der Valk 1994, Detenbeck et al. in press). Grass and sedge (Carex spp.) dominated meadows occupied shallow, ephemerally flooded areas, whereas emergent and submersed aquatic vegetation (Sparganium, Sagittaria, Scirpus, Potamogeton) occupied persistently flooded areas in deeper marshes (Stewart and Kantrud 1971). More than 75% of the wetlands have been drained in the region (Dahl and Johnson 1991, Detenbeck et al. in press), most 25-75 years ago (Figure 1) (Hewes 1951, Prince 1997). Drained wetlands vary in moisture level from those thoroughly drained by tile and intensively farmed every year to sites drained with shallow ditches and farmed only during dry years.

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  1. Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA

    S. Galatowitsch, R. Budelsky & L. Yetka

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Galatowitsch, S., Budelsky, R., Yetka, L. (1999). Revegetation Strategies for Northern Temperate Glacial Marshes and Meadows. In: Streever, W. (eds) An International Perspective on Wetland Rehabilitation. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4683-8_24

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