Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Agronomy of oats

  • Chapter
The Oat Crop

Part of the book series: World Crop Series ((WOCS))

Abstract

Producing high yields of high quality oats (Avena sativa L.) involves interactions among numerous biological factors, management strategies, and climatic conditions. Biological factors including disease resistance, straw strength, leaf area, photosynthetic capacity, source-sink relationships, and mineral uptake are controlled by the unique combination of genes assembled in the genotype (cultivar) being grown (Forsberg, 1986). Good management practices include use of high quality seed planted at recommended seeding rates, judicious use of fertilizer, and pest control by herbicides or insecticides when necessary. It quickly becomes apparent that optimizing oat production is a complex task involving factors the producer can control such as choices of cultivar and management practices, and those over which there is limited control, such as soil type and climate.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abdel-Rahman, M. (1977) Use of growth regulators to control lodging and increase yields of selected cereal grains. Proceedings of the Fourth Plant Growth Regulator Working Group Conference, Hot Springs, Arkansas. (Field Crop Abstracts 1979, 32, 193, (1628).)

    Google Scholar 

  • Aigner, H. (1982) Trials with the growth regulator ethephon in cereal crops. 34th International Symposium on Crop Protection. Mededelingen van de Faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen, Rijksuniversiteit Gent, 47, 173–83. (Field Crop Abstracts 1983, 36, 940, (9358).)

    Google Scholar 

  • Alam, S.M. and Adams, W.A. (1979) Effect of soil pH on the growth and mineral content of oats. Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 22, 147–51.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, W.K. and McLean, R. (1989) Increased responsiveness of short oat cultivars to early sowing, nitrogen fertilizer and seed rate. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 40, 729–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anon. (1985) High-yield management for small grains. Union Carbide Bulletin AG 85185, 30 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Araya, J.E. and Foster, J.E. (1992) Insect, mite, and nematode pests of oat, in Oat Science and Technology, Monograph No. 33 Agronomy Series, (eds H.G. Marshall and M.E. Sorrells), American Society of Agronomy and Crop Science Society of America, Madison, WI, pp. 427–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Attoe, O.J. and Truog, E. (1949) Correlation of yield and quality of alfalfa and clover hay with levels of available phosphorus and potassium. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings, 14, 249–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, J.M. and Tucker, B.B. (1971) Effects of rates of N and P on the accumulation of N03–N in wheat, oats, rye and barley on different sampling dates. Agronomy Journal, 63, 204–7.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bandel, V.A. and Miller, J.R. (1969) Nitrogen topdressing of small grains. University of Maryland Extension Fact Sheet 210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartholomew, R.P. (1950) Crop rotation and fertilization for soil improvement. Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 497.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blackett, G. A. and Martin, G.I.M. (1970) The effect of chlormequat on grain yield and straw length of spring barley and spring oats. Experimental Husbandry, 19, 95–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bray, R.H. and Kurtz, L.T. (1945) Determination of total, organic, and available forms of phosphorus in soils. Soil Science, 59, 39–45.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bresler, E., McNeal, B.L. and Carter, D.L. (1982) Saline and Sodic Soils. Springer-Verlag, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brickbauer, E.A., Forsyth, D. and Oplinger, E.S. (1972) Oat seed quality and seeding practices. University of Wisconsin Extension Fact Sheet A2038.

    Google Scholar 

  • Briggs, L.J. and Shantz, H.L. (1914) Relative water requirements of plants. Journal of Agricultural Research, 3, 1–64.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brinkman, M.A. (1979) Performance of oat plants grown from primary and secondary kernels. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 59, 931-7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brinkman, M. A. (1985) Varietal response of oats to nitrogen. Proceedings of the Wisconsin Fertilizer, Aglime, and Pest Management Conference, Madison, WI, 24, 49–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brinkman, M.A. and Forsberg, R.A. (1988) Oats for silage. Proceedings of the 3rd International Oat Conference, (eds B. Mattsson and R. Lyhagen), Lund, Sweden, Svaloff AB, Sweden, pp. 190–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brinkman, M.A. and Rho, Y.D. (1984) Response of three oat cultivars to N fertilizer. Crop Science, 24, 973–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brinkman, M.A., Langer, K.D., Harvey, R.G. and Hardie, A.R. (1980) Response of oats to atrazine. Crop Science, 20, 185–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A.R., Morris, H.D. and Morey, D.D. (1961) Response of seven oat varieties to different levels of fertilization. Agronomy Journal, 53, 366–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, C.M. and Earley, E.B. (1973) Response of one winter wheat and two spring oat varieties to foliar applications of 2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid (Ethrel). Agronomy Journal, 65, 829–32.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, J.C. and Jones, W.E. (1974) Differential response of oats to manganese stress. Agronomy Journal, 66, 624–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brüggemann, J. and Ocker, H.D. (1986) Residual behaviour of the growth regulator CCC in cereal processing. Schriftenreihe, Verband Deutscher Landwirtschaftlicher Untersüchungs- und Forschungsanstalten, Reihe Kongressberichte 20, 765–78. (Field Crop Abstracts 1987, 40, 914, (7858).)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bunce, R.C. (1980) A note on the effect of seed rate on the yield of spring oats. Experimental Husbandry, 36, 112–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapko, L.B., Brinkman, M.A. and Albrecht, K.A. (1991) Genetic variation for forage yield and quality among grain oat genotypes harvested at early heading. Crop Science, 31, 874–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cherney, J.H. and Marten, G.C. (1982) Small grain crop forage potential: I. Biological and chemical determinants of quality, and yield. Crop Science, 22, 227–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ciha, A.J. (1983) Seeding rate and seeding date effects on spring seeded small grain cultivars. Agronomy Journal, 75, 795–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, R.V. and Fedak, G. (1977) Effects of chlormequat on plant height, disease development and chemical constituents of cultivars of barley, oats, and wheat. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 57, 31–6.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, J.M. (1984) Effect of seeding rate and time of harvest on losses of oats in windrower/combine and direct combine harvesting systems. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 64, 31–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dilz, K., van Burg, P.F.J, and Arnold, G.H. (1965) Effect of CCC on stem height and lodging in spring barley and oats. Stikstof, 4, 381–2, (Field Crop Abstracts 1966, 19, 190-1, (1422).)

    Google Scholar 

  • Doll, E.C. (1964) Lime for Michigan soils. Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station Extension Bulletin 471.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fay, P.K. and Duke, W.B. (1977) An assessment of allelopathic potential in Avena germplasm. Weed Science, 25, 224–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fixen, P.E., Farber, B. and Vivekanandan, M. (1986) Phosphorus management as influenced by tillage systems in eastern South Dakota, 1985. Proceedings of Symposium on Management of Fluid Fertilizers for Efficient Crop Production, Fluid Fertilizer Foundation, Tampa, FL, pp. 291–301.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forsberg, R.A. (1986) World status of oats and biological constraints to increased production. Proceedings of the Second International Oats Conference, (eds D.A. Lawes and H. Thomas), Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, Netherlands, pp. 241–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forsberg, R.A. and Reeves, D.L. (1992) Breeding oat cultivars for improved grain quality, in Oat Science and Technology, Monograph No. 33 Agronomy Series, (eds H.G. Marshall and M.E. Sorrells), American Society of Agronomy and Crop Science Society of America, Madison, WI, pp. 751–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forsberg, R.A. and Shands, H.L. (1989) Oat breeding, in Plant Breeding Reviews, (ed. J. Janick), Timber Press, Portland, OR, pp. 167–207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frey, K.J. (1959) Yield components of oats: II. The effect of nitrogen fertilization. Agronomy Journal, 51, 605–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frey, K.J. and Wiggans, S.C. (1956) Growth rates of oats from different test weight seed lots. Agronomy Journal, 48, 621–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frey, K.J. and Wiggans, S.C. (1957) Tillering studies in oats. IV. Effect of rate and date of nitrogen fertilizer application. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, 64, 160–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaspar, P.E. (1988) Response of oat to chloride fertilization. PhD dissertation, South Dakota State University. (Dissertation Abstracts, 50(10), 4283B.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gendy, A. and Höfner, W. (1989) Stalk shortening of oat (Avena sativa L.) by combined application of CCC, DCiB and ethephon. Angewandte Botanik, 63, 103–10.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gerwing, J., Fixen, P., Carson, P. and Gelderman, R. (1985) Fertilizing oats. South Dakota State University Extension Fact Sheet FS678.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerwing, J., Gelderman, R. and Woodward, H. (1988) Fertilizer recommendations guide. South Dakota State University Extension Circular 750.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guilland, K. and Allinson, D.W. (1985) Legume growth and residual effects on oat (Avena sativa L.) production. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 16, 375–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guitard, A.A., Newman, J.A. and Hoyt, P.B. (1961) The influence of seeding rate on the yield and the yield components of wheat, oats, and barley. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 41, 751–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hageman, R.H., McHargue, J.S., Sherman, G.D. and Hodge, E.S. (1942) The production of grey speck of oats in purified sand cultures. Journal of the American Society of Agronomy, 34, 731–5.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hammes, J.K. and Berger, K.C. (1960) Manganese deficiency in oats and correlation of plant manganese with various soil tests. Soil Science, 90, 239–44.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harder, D.E. and Haber, S. (1992) Oat diseases and pathologic techniques, in Oat Science and Technology, Monograph No. 33 Agronomy Series, (eds H.G. Marshall and M.E. Sorrells), American Society of Agronomy and Crop Science Society of America, Madison, WI, pp. 307–425.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardman, L.L. and Stuthman, D.D. (1983) A guide to quality oat production. University of Minnesota Agricultural Extension Bulletin 2019.

    Google Scholar 

  • Himme, M. van, Stryckers, J. and Bulcke, R. (1983) Effect of growth regulators on straw shortening and lodging in various spring cereal varieties. Mededelingen van het Centrum voor Onkruidonderzoek van de Rijksuniversiteit Gent, 38, 24–7. (Field Crop Abstracts 1984, 37, 674, (6142).)

    Google Scholar 

  • Himme, M. van, Stryckers, J. and Bulcke, R. (1984) Influence of growth regulators on straw shortening and lodging in different varieties of spring cereals. Mededelingen van het Centrum voor Onkruidonderzoek van de Rijksuniversiteit Gent, 40, 24–6. (Field Crop Abstracts 1986, 39, 50, (439).)

    Google Scholar 

  • Himme, M. van, Stryckers, J. and Bulcke, R. (1985) Influence of growth regulators on stem length and resistance to lodging in various cereal varieties. Mededelingen van het Centrum voor Onkruidonderzoek van de Rijksuniversiteit Gent, 42, 24–6. (Field Crop Abstracts 1986, 39, 680–1, (5906).)

    Google Scholar 

  • Höfner, W., Kühn, H. und Bruckner, U. (1981) Stem shortening in oats in pot experiments by CCC and ancymidol. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde, 144, 215–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Humphries E.C. (1968) CCC and cereals. (A review article). Field Crop Abstracts, 21, 91–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Humphries, E.C. (1969) Chemical control of plant growth. Report of the Rothamsted Experimental Station, (2), 135–47. (Field Crop Abstracts, 1971, 24, 562, (4198).)

    Google Scholar 

  • Humphries, E.C. and French, S.A. (1969) Effects of ‘Ethrel’ and morphactin on sugar-beet and oats. Report of the Rothamsted Experiment Station, (1), 119. (Field Crop Abstracts 1971, 24, 579, (4323) (15).)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, I.T. and Hayes, J.D. (1967) The effect of seed size and growing season on four oat cultivars; 1. Grain yield and its components. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge, 69, 103–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karchi, Z. (1969) Effect of Ethrel (2-chorothane phosphonic acid) as compared to that of CCC on height and grain yield of spring wheat. Israel Journal of Agricultural Research, 16, 199–200.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelling, K.A. and Fixen, P.E. (1992) Soil and nutrient requirements for oat production, in Oat Science and Technology, Monograph No. 33 Agronomy Series, (eds H.G. Marshall and M.E. Sorrells), American Society of Agronomy and Crop Science Society of America, Madison, WI, pp. 165–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kent, N.L. and Hutchinson, J.B. (1957) The effect of MCPA and 2,4-D herbicides on the quality of spring oats for milling and provender feeding. Annals of Applied Biology, 45, 481–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kiesselbach, T.A. (1924) Relation of seed size to the yield of small grain crops. Journal of the American Society of Agronomy, 16, 670–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiesselbach, T.A. and Lyness, W.E. (1951) Production practices for spring small grains. Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 406.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knott, O.A. and Benson, G.O. (1973) Profitable oat production. Iowa State University Cooperative Extension Service Pamphlet 297 (Revised).

    Google Scholar 

  • Koch, K. and Linser, H. (1969) The causes of increased standing ability of cereals after treatment with chlorcholine chloride (CCC). Zeitschrift für Acker- und Pflanzenbau, 129, 62–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamb, C.A. and Salter, R.M. (1937) Response of oat varieties to different fertility levels. Journal of Agricultural Research, 55, 785–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lang, R.W. and Holmes, J.C. (1972) Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the yield and straw strength of oats and barley following grass leys. Experimental Husbandry, 21, 8–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Large, E.C. (1954) Growth stages in cereals. Illustration of the Feekes scale. Plant Pathology, 3, 128–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Larson, W.E., Nelson, L.B. and Hunter, A.S. (1952) The effects of phosphate fertilization upon the yield and composition of oats and alfalfa grown on phosphate-deficient Iowa soils. Agronomy Journal, 44, 357–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leary, W.P. and Oplinger, E.S. (1983) Effect of plant growth regulators and nitrogen on the agronomic performance of small grain crops. Proceedings of the Plant Growth Regulator Society of America, 10, 277–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, H.J., McKee, G.W. and Knievel, D.P. (1979) Determination of physiological maturity in oat. Agronomy Journal, 71, 931–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leitch, M.H. and Hayes, J.D. (1990) Effects of single and repeated applications of chlormequat on early crop development, lodging resistance and yield of winter oats. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge, 115, 11–14.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LeMahieu, P.J. and Brinkman, M.A. (1990) Double-cropping soybean after harvesting small grains as forage in the north central USA. Journal of Production Agriculture, 3, 385–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linser, H. (1968) Influence of CCC on lodging and behavior of cereal plants. Euphytica, 17 (Suppl. 1) 215–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linser, H. and Kühn, H. (unter Mitwirkung von J. Bohring) (1963) Untersuchungen über die Wirkung von Chlorcholinchlorid (CCC) auf verschiedene Sommergetreidearten und -sorten. Zeitschrift für Acker- und Pflanzenbau, 117, 129–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linser, H., Kühn, H. and Bohring, J. (1964) Zur Frage der Halmverkürzung durch Chlorcholinchlorid (CCC) bei Hafer. Zeitschrift für Acker- und Pflanzenbau, 121, 49–56.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Linser, H., Kuhn, H., Kürten, P.W. and Schuster, W. (1966) Feldversuche mit Chlorcholinchlorid (CCC) bei Hafer. Zeitschrift für Acker- und Pflanzenbau, 124, 261–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacLachlan, J.D. (1941) Manganese deficiency in soils and crops. 1. Control in oats by spraying; studies of the role of soil micro-organisms. Scientific Agriculture, 22, 201–7.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, H.G., Kolb, F.L. and Roth, G.W. (1987) Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rate, seeding rate and row spacing on semidwarf and conventional height spring oat. Crop Science, 21, 572–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, H.G., McDaniel, M.E. and Cregger, L.M. (1992) Cultural practices for growing oat in the United States, in Oat Science and Technology, Monograph No. 33 Agronomy Series, (eds H.G. Marshall and M.E. Sorrells), American Society of Agronomy and Crop Science Society of America, Madison, WI, pp. 191–221.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyers, K.B., Simons, S.R. and Stuthman, D.D. (1985) Agronomic comparison of dwarf and conventional height oat genotypes. Crop Science, 25, 964–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mikhailov, A.A. and Mikhailova, Z.I. (1987) Effect of retardants on growth processes of oats and resistance to lodging under Siberian conditions. Sibirskii Vestnik Sel’skokhozyaistvennoi Nauki, 5, 28–31. (Field Crop Abstracts 1988, 41, 1038, (8508).)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mishra, S.N. (1988) Oats for grazing. Proceedings of the 3rd International Oat Conference, (eds B. Mattsson and R. Lyhagen), Lund, Sweden, Svaloff AB, Sweden, pp. 180–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morey, D.D., Walker, M.E., Marchant, W.H. and Lowrey, R.S. (1969) Small grain forage production and quality as influenced by rates of nitrogen. Georgia Agricultural Experiment Station Research Bulletin 70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen, R.L., Stuthman, D.D. and Barnes, D.K. (1981) Interference between oats and alfalfa in mixed seedings. Agronomy Journal, 73, 635–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oelke, E.A., Durgan, B.R., Cavanaugh, K.J. et al. (1992) Hard red spring wheat and spring barley production guide. University of Minnesota Extension Service Publication AG-MI-5868-D.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohm, H.W. (1976) Response of 21 oat cultivars to nitrogen fertilization. Agronomy Journal, 68, 773–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olson, R.A., Dreier, A.F., Lowery, G.W. and Flowerday, A.D. (1956) Availability of phosphate carriers to small grains and subsequent clover in relation to: I. Nature of soil and method of placement. Agronomy Journal, 48, 106-11.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oplinger, E.S., Veith, W.A. and Youngs, V.L. (1975) Oat agronomic and grain quality responses to growth regulators. Agronomy Journal, 67, 443–5.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Otto, S. and Schilling, G. (1984) Possible use of stem stabilizers in cereal growing. Tagungsbericht-Akademie der Landwirtschafts-wissenschaften GDR, 224 (I), 307–13. (Field Crop Abstracts 1985, 38, 479, (4290).)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearson, G.A. (1960) Tolerance of crops to exchangeable sodium. USDA Information Bulletin 216. USDA Government Printing Office, Washington,DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pesek, J. (1963) Fertilizing the forgotten crops. Mimeo, Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames Iowa, 9 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, D.M., Schrader, L.E. and Youngs, V.L. (1974) Elemental composition of developing oat plants. Crop Science, 14, 735–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petrie, S.E. and Jackson, T.L. (1984) Effects of nitrogen fertilization on manganese concentration and yield of barley and oats. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 48, 319–22.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pfeifer, R.P. and Kline, J.P. (1960) A major cause of winterkill of winter oats. Agronomy Journal, 52, 621–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rankin, W.H. and Stuart, A.D. (1956) Soil fertility and cultural practices in small grain production. North Carolina Agricultural Extension Circular 399.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reeves, D.L. (1988) Tolerance of oats to herbicides. Proceedings of the 3rd International Oat Conference, (eds B. Mattsson and R. Lyhagen), Lund, Sweden, Svaloff AB, Sweden, pp. 290–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reeves, D.L. and Sraon, H.S. (1976) How an oat plant develops. South Dakota State University Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 645.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richards, L.A. (1954) Plant response and crop selection for saline and alkali soils, in Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils, USDA Agriculture Handbook 60, (ed. L.A. Richards), US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, pp. 55–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rixhon, L. and Crohain, A. (1965) Growth regulating substances and cultural techniques. Bulletin de l’Institut Agronomique et des Stations de Recherches de Gembloux, 33, 631–66. (Field Crop Abstracts 1966, 19, 281–2, (2219).)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rohweder, D.A., Barnes, R.F. and Jorgensen, N. (1978) Proposed hay grading standards based on laboratory analyses for evaluating quality. Journal of Animal Science, 47, 747–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowell, P.L. and Miller, D.G. (1971) Induction of male sterility in wheat with 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (Ethrel). Crop Science, 11, 629–31.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sadeghian, E. and Kühn, H. (1969) Influence of chlorcholine chloride (CCC) on the amino acid composition of oat, rye and barley grain protein. Zeitschrift für Acker- und Pflanzenbau, 129, 75–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sampson, D.R. (1971) Additive and nonadditive genetic variances and genotypic correlations for yield and other traits in oats. Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology, 13, 864–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmid, A.R. and Behrens, R. (1972) Herbicides vs oat companion crops for alfalfa establishment. Agronomy Journal, 64, 157–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schnee, M. (1966) Effect of chlorcholinchloride (CCC) on growth and yield of oats. Albrecht-Thaer-Archiv, 9, 731–47 (Field Crop Abstracts 1966, 9, 110, (796).)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schrickel, D.J., Burrows, V.D. and Ingemansen, J.A. (1992) Harvesting, storing, and feeding of oat, in Oat Science and Technology, Monograph no. 33 Agronomy Series, (eds H.G. Marshall and M.E. Sorrells), American Society of Agronomy and Crop Science Society of America, Madison, WI, pp. 223–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shands, H.L. and Chapman, W.H. (1961) Culture and production of oats in North America, in Oats and Oat Improvement, Monograph no. 8 Agronomy Series, (ed. F.A. Coffman), The American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, pp. 465–529.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shantz, H.L. and Piemeisel, L.N. (1927) The water requirement of plants at Akron, Colorado. Journal of Agricultural Research, 34, 1093–190.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, C.A. (1986) Fertilizing oats. University of Nebraska Soil Science News 8 (4).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shorter, R. and Frey, K.J. (1979) Relative yields of mixtures and monocultures of oat genotypes. Crop Science, 19, 548–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, Dale (1960) Yield and chemical composition of oats for forage with advance in maturity. Agronomy Journal, 52, 637–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sniffen, C.J., O’Connor, J.D., Van Soest, P.J. et al. (1992) A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: II. Carbohydrate and protein availability. Journal of Animal Science, 70, 3562–77.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Soffes, A.R., Barnett, R.D. and Pfahler, P.L. (1990) Grain yield and quality of wheat, oat and triticale at various levels of nitrogen topdressing. Proceedings of the Soil and Crop Science Society of Florida, 49, 150–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stanford, G., Hanway, J. and Meldrum, H.R. (1955) Effectiveness and recovery of initial and subsequent fertilizer applications on oats and the succeeding meadows. Agronomy Journal, 47, 25–31.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sterry, J.R. (1969) Ethrel, an ethylene-evolving plant growth regulator. Mededelingen van de Faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen, Rijksuniversiteit Gent, 34, 462–73. (Field Crop Abstracts 1971, 24, 563, (4206).)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stoskopf, N.C. (1985) Cereal Grain Crops, Reston Publishing Company, Reston, Virginia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strand, E. (1965) Straw-shortening preparation for cereals. CCC-chlorocholine chloride. Norsk Landbruksforsking, 84, 8–9. (Field Crop Abstracts 1966, 19, 127, (950).)

    Google Scholar 

  • Strass, F. (1981) CCC on oats? Mitteilungen der DLG, 96, 555–6. (Field Crop Abstracts 1982, 35, 11–12, (101).)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sturm, H. and Jung, J. (1969) Long term experiences with application of chlormequat oats. Mededelingen van de Faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen, Rijksuniversiteit Gent, 34, 520–8. (Field Crop Abstracts 1971, 24, 421–2, (3101).)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tennenhouse, A.N. and Lacroix, L.J. (1972) Effects of (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) on certain agronomic traits of oats and triticale. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 52, 559–67.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tibelius, A.C. and Klinck, H.R. (1986) Development and yield of oat plants grown from primary and secondary seeds. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 66, 299–306.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tolbert, N.E. (1960a) (2-Chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride and related compounds as plant growth substances. I. Chemical structure and bioassay. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 235, 475–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tolbert, N.E. (1960b) (2-Chloroethyl)trimethylarnrnoniurn chloride and related compounds as plant growth substances. II. Effect on growth of wheat. Plant Physiology, 35, 380–5.

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ulmann, L. (1976) Reaction of rye and oats to the growth substances Ethrel and Retacel. Rostlinná Výroba, 22, 983–98. (Field Crop Abstracts 1980, 33, 118, (1074).)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ulmann, L. (1982) Effect of growth regulators on oats. AgrochÄ“mia, 22, 67–9. (Field Crop Abstracts 1984, 37, 314, (2815).)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ulmann, L. (1987) Application of growth regulators to oats. AgrochÄ“mia, 27, 296–8. (Field Crop Abstracts 1988, 41, 907, (7457).)

    Google Scholar 

  • Undersander, D., Martin, N., Cosgrove, D. et al. (1991) Alfalfa management guide. University of Wisconsin-Extension and Cooperative Extension and Minnesota Extension Service, University of Minnesota. Published by the America Society of Agronomy, the Crop Science Society of America, and the Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uprety, M. and Yadava, R.B.R. (1985) Effect of CCC on lodging, yield, and grain quality of oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivar ‘Kent’. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 28, 103–6. (Field Crop Abstracts 1986, 39, 468, (4072).)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Usanova, Z.I. (1985) Yield formation of barley and oats sown at different dates. Izvestiya Timiryazewskoi Sel’skokozyaistvennoi Akademii no. 6 (Field Crop Abstracts 1986, 39, 470, 4087).)

    Google Scholar 

  • van Lierop, W. and Tran, T.S. (1980) The comparative use of nitrate ammonium and urea fertilizers by oats and wheat as determined by 15N techniques. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 11, 231–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welch, R.W. and Yong, Y.Y. (1980) The effects of variety and nitrogen fertilizer on protein production in oats. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 331, 541–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiggans, S.C. (1956) The effect of seasonal temperatures on maturity of oats planted at different dates. Agronomy Journal, 48, 21–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood, D.W., Longden, P.C. and Scott, R.D. (1977) Seed size variation; its extent, source and significance in field crops. Seed Science and Technology, 5, 337–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wünsche, U. (1977) Influence of growth retarding substances on cereals. 3. Field experiments with CCC, DMC and CEPA on wheat, rye, barley, and oats. Zeitschrift für Acker- und Pflanenbau, 145, 238–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zadoks, J.C., Chang, T.T. and Konzak, C.F. (1974) A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals. Weed Research, 14, 415–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zandstra, H.G. and MacKenzie, A.F. (1968) Potassium exchange equilibria and yield responses of oats, barley and corn on selected Quebec soils. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings, 32, 76–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Robert A. Forsberg
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dale L. Reeves
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster at Jordanstown, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland, UK

    Robert W. Welch

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Forsberg, R.A., Reeves, D.L. (1995). Agronomy of oats. In: Welch, R.W. (eds) The Oat Crop. World Crop Series. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0015-1_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0015-1_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-4010-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-0015-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation