Abstract
This chapter explores the emotions involved in teachers’ development or teachers’ career commitments in times of flux. More specifically, it explores the emotions of secondary and elementary male and female teachers who have been asked about their administrative leadership aspirations. The sociology of knowledge reveals certain shifting definitional parameters with notions of gender and emotions. This seems to be due primarily to normative, conventional social biases and socio-historical constructs that are attributable to each of these domains. The boundaries and borders of these constructs within education are clarified in the following discussion of their implications as they relate to male and female teachers’ aspirations for administrative roles (or lack thereof) and the emotions related to these career aspirations. The teachers’ responses encouraged this researcher to consider the following questions: What do emotions of teachers faced with a leadership choice look like? How do these emotions play out (i.e., positively or negatively) among teachers? What kinds of leadership issues do teachers become emotional about? Are there any differences or variations in emotional responses between men and women?
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Acker, S. (1989). Teachers, gender and careers. New York: Falmer Press.
Acker, S. (1995). Carry on caring: The work of women teachers. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 16(1), 21–36.
Adler, L., Laney, J. & Packer, M. (1993). Managing women: Feminism and power in educational management. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
Artz, S. (1994). Feeling as a way of knowing: A practical guide for working with emotional experience. Toronto: Trifolium Books.
Bauman, Z. (1991). Modernity and ambivalence. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Biklen, S., & Pollard, D. (1993). Gender and education. 92 Yearbook of the NSSE. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Blackmore, J. (1993). Leadership in crisis: Feminist insights into change in an era of educational restructuring. Paper written for the Women and Educational Leadership in an Era of Educational Restructuring Project, funded by the Australian Research Council Grant.
Blackmore, J. (1995). Towards postmasculinist politics of education. In B. Limerick & B. Lingard (Eds.), Gender and changing educational management. Sydney: Hodder & Stoughton.
Blackmore J. (1996a). Breaking the silence: Feminist contributions to educational administration and policy. In K. Leithwood, J. Chapman, D. Corson, P. Hallinger, & A. Hart (Eds.), International Handbook of Educational Leadership and Administration (pp. 997–1042). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Blackmore, J. (1996b). Doing emotional labour in the education market place: Stories from the field of women in management. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 17(3), 337–349.
Brody, L.R., & Hall, J.A. (1993). Gender and emotion. In M. Lewis & J. Haviland, (Eds.), The handbook of emotions (pp. 447–460). New York: Guilford Press.
Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. New York: Routledge.
Burrell, G. (1992). Sex and organizational analysis. In A.J. Mills & P. Tancred (Eds.), Gendering organizational analysis (pp. 71–92). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
Cocks, J. (1984). Wordless emotions: Some critical reflections on radical feminism. Politics and Society, 13(1), 27–58.
Collinson, D.L., & Collinson, M. (1989). Sexuality in the workplace: The domination of men’s sexuality. In J. Hearn, D.L. Sheppard, P. Tancred-Sheriff & G. Burrell (Eds.), The sexuality of organization (pp. 91–110). London: Sage Publications.
Darling, J. (1992). The best man for the job: Women teachers, promotion and the Strathclyde research. Scottish Educational Review, 24(1), 45–56.
Denzin, N.K. (1984). On understanding emotion. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Deaux, K., & Major, B. (1987). Putting gender into context: An interactive model of gender-related behaviour. Psychological Review, 94, 369–389.
Dunlap, D.M., & Schmuck, P.A. (Eds.). (1995). Women leading in education. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
Eagly, A.H., & Johnson, B. (1990). Gender and leadership style: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 223–256.
Edson, S. (1987). Pushing the limits: The female administrative aspirant. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
Epp, J.R., Sackney, L.E., & Kustaski, J.M. (1994). Re-assessing levels of androcentric bias in Educational Administration Quarterly. Educational Administration Quarterly, 30(4), 451–471.
Epstein, C.F. (1970). Woman’s place: Options and limits in professional careers. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Epstein, C.F. (1988). Deceptive distinctions: Sex, gender and the social order. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Fineman, S. (1993). Organizations in emotional arenas. In S. Fineman (Ed.), Emotion in Organizations (pp. 9–10). London: Sage.
Grant, R. (1987). A career in teaching: A survey of middle school teachers’ perceptions with particular reference to the careers of women teachers. British Educational Research Journal, 13(3), 227–239.
Grant, R. (1989). Heading for the top: Career experiences of women. Gender and Education, 1(2), 113–125.
Grogan, M. (1996). Voices of women aspiring to the superintendency. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
Gutek, B.A. (1989). Sexuality in the workplace: Key issues in social research and organizational practice. In J. Hearn, D.L. Sheppard, P. Tancred-Sheriff, & G. Burrell (Eds.), The sexuality of organization (pp. 56–70). London: Sage.
Hargreaves, A. (1998a). The emotional politics of teaching and teacher development: With implications for educational leadership. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 1(4), 315–336.
Hargreaves, A. (1998b). The emotional practice of teaching. Teaching and Teacher Education, 14(8), 835–854.
Hargreaves, A., Beatty, B., Lasky, S., Schmidt, M., & James-Wilson, S. (in process). The emotions of teaching. San Francisco: Josey-Bass.
Hargreaves, A. (in press a). Teaching and betrayal. Teachers and Teaching.
Hargreaves, A. (in press b). The emotional geographies of teachers’ relations with their colleagues. International Journal of Educational Research.
Hargreaves, A. (2001, Dec). The emotional geographies of teaching. Teachers’ College Record, 103(6), 1056–1080.
Haviland, J. M., & Kahlbaugh, P. (1993). Emotion and identity. In M. Lewis & J. Haviland (Eds.), Handbook of Emotions (pp. 327–339). New York: Guilford Press.
Hilsum, S., & Start, K.B. (1974). Promotion and careers in teaching. National Foundation for Educational Research, ED 107621.
Hochschild, A. (1983). Models of emotions: From Darwin to Goffman. In The managed heart: Commerciallization of human feeling. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Hough, J. (1986). Gender bias in educational management and administration. Educational Management and Administration, 16, 69–74.
Hughes, E. (1971). The sociological eye. Chicago, IL: Aldina-Atherton.
Al-Khalifa, E. (1989). Management by halves: Women teachers and school management. In H. De Lyons (Ed.), Women teachers (pp. 83–96). Milton Keynes, UK: Open University Press.
Kenway, J. (1990). Gender and education policy: A call for a new direction. Geelong: Deakin University Press.
Lasky, S. (2000). The cultural and emotional politics of teacher-parent interactions. Teaching and Teacher Education, 16(8), 843–860.
Lather, P. (1992). Critical frames in educational research: Feminist and post-structural perspectives. Theory & Practice, 31(2), 87–99.
Loader, D. (1997). The inner principal. London: Falmer Press.
Lorber, J. (1994). Paradoxes of gender. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Lortie, D. (1975). School teacher. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Marshall, C. (1995). The stigmatized woman: The professional woman in a male sex-typed career. The Journal of Educational Administration, 23(2), 131–152.
Marshall, C, & Mitchell, B.A. (1989, March). Women’s careers as a critique of the administrative culture. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco.
Marshall, C., & Anderson, G. (1995). Rethinking the public and private spheres: Feminist and cultural studies perspectives on the politics of education. In J. Scribner & D. Layton (Ed.), The study of educational politics. London: Falmer.
Middleton, S. (1992). Equity, equality and biculturalism in the restructuring of New Zealand schools: A life history approach. Harvard Educational Review, 62(3), 310–322.
Morgan, G. (1986). Images of organization. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
National Union of Teachers (1980). Promotion and the woman teacher. UK: Equal Opportunities Commission.
Nias, J. (1991). Changing times, changing identities: Grieving for a lost self. In R.G. Burgess (Ed.), Educational research and evaluation: For policy and practice (pp. 139–156). New York: Falmer.
Nielson, J.M. (Ed.) (1990). Feminist research methods: Exemplary readings in the social sciences. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Oakley, A. (1972). Sex, gender and society. London: Temple Smith.
Oately, K., & Jenkins, J.M. (1996). Understanding emotions. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
Ozga, J. (1993). Women in educational management. Milton Keynes, UK: Open University Press.
Pankake, A., Schroth, G., & Funk, C. (2000). Successful women superintendents: Developing as leaders, learning from failure. ERS Spectrum, 18(1), 3–13.
Riehl, C, & Lee, V.E. (1996). Gender, organizations, and leadership. In K. Leithwood, P. Hallinger, D. Corson, J. Chapman (Eds.), International handbook of educational leadership and administration (pp. 873–919). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Risman, B.J. (1987). Intimate relationships from a micro-structural perspective: Men who mother. Gender and Society, 1, 6–32.
Shakeshaft, C. (1989). Women in educational administration. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Shakeshaft, C, & Hanson, M. (1986). Androcentric bias in the Educational Administration Quarterly. Education Administration Quarterly, 22(1), 68–91.
Schmidt, M. (1995). A study of women in positions of responsibility at the secondary level in educational administration: Barriers and support systems. Ontario Institute for Studies in Education: Unpublished Masters thesis
Schmidt, M. (2000). Role theory, emotions, and identity in the department headship of secondary schooling. Teaching and Teacher Education, 16, 827–842.
Schmuck, P. (1996). Women’s place in educational administration: Past, present and future. In K. Leithwood, J. Chapman, D. Corson, P. Hallinger, & A. Hart (Eds.), International Handbook of Educational Leadership and Administration (pp. 337–367). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Sennett, R. (1980). Authority. New York: Knopf.
Statistics Canada (1994). A statistical portrait of elementary and secondary education in Canada. Ottawa.
Strachan, J. (1993). Including the personal and the professional: Researching women in educational leadership. Gender and Education, 5(1), 71–80.
Tabin, Y., & Coleman, P. (1993). From the dollhouse to the schoolhouse: The changing experiences of women principals in British Columbia, 1980 to 1990. Canadian Journal of Education, 18(4), 381–397.
Thibault, G. (1988). Women and education: On being female in male places. In W. Tomm & G. Hamilton (Eds.), Gender bias in scholarship: The pervasive prejudice (pp. 63–98). Waterloo, Canada: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.
White, G. (1993). Emotions inside out: The anthropology of affect. In M. Lewis, & J.M. Haviland (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 29–40). New York: Guilford Press.
Williams, C. (1992). The glass escalator: Hidden advantages for men in the female professions. Social Problems. 39(3), 253–265.
Young, B. (1992). On careers: Themes from the lives of four western Canadian women educators. Canadian Journal of Education, 17(2), 148–161.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Schmidt, M. (2002). Emotions in Educational Administration: An Unorthodox Examination of Teachers’ Career Decisions. In: Leithwood, K., et al. Second International Handbook of Educational Leadership and Administration. Springer International Handbooks of Education, vol 8. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0375-9_38
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0375-9_38
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-3920-8
Online ISBN: 978-94-010-0375-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive