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Sirtuins as Markers of Bone Disease: A Focus on Osteoarthritis and Osteoporosis

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Biomarkers in Bone Disease

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Abstract

Sirtuins are widely distributed class III NAD+-dependent histone deacetylases (HDAC) involved in epigenetic regulation. There are seven protein members of the sirtuins, SIRT1-7, each of which specific sites of action linked with the intracellular localization, and acting on selective target proteins. Sirtuins are involved in a number of processes ranging from cell cycle regulation, apoptosis/proliferation, DNA repair, tumor suppression, energy metabolism, mitochondrial homeostasis, metabolism, cellular senescence/aging, and inflammation. Sirtuins also play a key role on the recruitment and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and via this pathway play an important role in the maintenance and function of bone tissue. Hence, sirtuins are involved in bone pathologies such as osteoarthritis and osteoporosis and can serve as biomarkers for these pathologies.

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Abbreviations

ADP:

Adenosine diphosphate

AMPK:

5’ Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase

AP1:

Activator protein-1 complex IkBα and NF-kB

BMI:

Body mass index

BMP2:

Bone morphogenetic protein-2

Cbfa1/Runx2:

Core-binding factor alpha 1/ Runt-related transcription factor 2

cWnt:

Canonical Wnt/β-catenin

DAN:

Cysteine-knot protein abberative in neuroblastoma

DKK1:

Dickkoft-1

EP300:

E1A binding protein p300

FoxO:

Forkhead box O

Fz:

Frizzled

GSK3β:

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta

H3K9:

Histone 3 is deacetylated at lysine

HATs:

Histone acetyl transferases

hBMSC:

Human bone marrow stromal cellsMmp13 matrix metalloproteinase-13

HDAC:

NAD + -dependent histone deacetylases

HGF:

Hepatocyte growth factor

IL:

Interleukin

JNK:

c-Jun N-terminal kinase

Lef:

Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor

LRP5/6:

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5/6

LXR:

Liver X receptor

MSC:

Mesenchymal stem cell

NAD:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

NANOG:

Transcription factor critically involved with self-renewal of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells

OA:

Osteoarthritis

OCT4:

Octamer-binding transcription factor 4

OP:

Osteoporosis

OPG:

Osteoprotegerin

PGC-1α:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha

PKC:

Protein kinase C

PPARγ:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ

PTH:

Parathyroid hormone

RANKL:

Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand

Rho GTPase:

Rho family of guanosine triphosphate hydrolase

sFRP:

Secreted frizzled-related proteins

SIRT1:

Sirtuin 1

SIRT6:

Sirtuin 6

SOST:

Sclerostin

SOX2:

SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2

T2D:

Type 2 diabetes

TCF:

T cell factor

TGF-β1:

Transforming growth factor beta-1

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

Wif1:

Wnt inhibitory factor 1

Wnt:

Wingless

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, H2X 0A9, Montréal, QC, Canada

    Élie Abed

  2. Biopôle de l’Université de Lorraine – Campus biologie-santé, UMR7365 CNRS Université de Lorraine, IMoPA, 9, Avenue de la Forêt de Haye – CS50184, 54505, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France

    Pascal Reboul

  3. Département of médicine, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint-Denis, H2X 0A9, Montréal, QC, Canada

    Daniel Lajeunesse

Authors
  1. Élie Abed
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  2. Pascal Reboul
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  3. Daniel Lajeunesse
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Correspondence to Élie Abed , Pascal Reboul or Daniel Lajeunesse .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom

    Vinood B. Patel

  2. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

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© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

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Abed, É., Reboul, P., Lajeunesse, D. (2017). Sirtuins as Markers of Bone Disease: A Focus on Osteoarthritis and Osteoporosis. In: Patel, V., Preedy, V. (eds) Biomarkers in Bone Disease. Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7693-7_41

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