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Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) as a Biomarker of Liver Disease

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Biomarkers in Liver Disease

Abstract

Pentraxins are a family of multifunctional pattern-recognizing proteins that are evolutionarily conserved. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) – the prototype protein of the long pentraxin group – is a critical component of the humoral arm of innate immunity and opsonic activity, facilitates pathogen recognition, and is produced by a variety of tissues and cells in response to proinflammatory signals and Toll-like receptor engagement. Despite the protective functions of PTX3 that are involved in infection and female fertility, the persistent elevation in PTX3 levels is reportedly associated with disease severity and increased morbidity in several clinical pathological conditions, including psoriasis, unstable angina pectoris, atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction, and ischemic heart disorders. Here, we review the key properties of PTX3 related to liver pathology and discuss recent data suggesting that PTX3 demonstrates liver pathogenic effects. Persistently elevated PTX3 may represent a novel and promising biomarker of liver disease, which correlates with the risk of developing liver injury and pathologic events, thereby providing useful prognostic information for clinical outcomes in patients with this pathological condition.

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Abbreviations

ALF:

Acute liver failure

ALT:

Alanine aminotransferase

APAP:

N-acetyl-p-aminophenol

AST:

Aspartate aminotransferase

CKD:

Chronic kidney disease

CMV:

Cytomegalovirus

CRP:

C-reactive protein

ELISA:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

KO:

Knockout

NAFLD:

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

NASH:

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

OLT:

Orthotopic liver transplantation

POD:

Paracetamol overdose

PTX3:

Pentraxin 3

SAP:

Serum amyloid P component

siRNA:

Small interfering RNA

TLR:

Toll-like receptor

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea

    Bongkun Choi & Eun-Ju Chang

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  1. Bongkun Choi
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  2. Eun-Ju Chang
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Correspondence to Eun-Ju Chang .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom

    Vinood B. Patel

  2. Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Research Division, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

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Choi, B., Chang, EJ. (2017). Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) as a Biomarker of Liver Disease. In: Patel, V., Preedy, V. (eds) Biomarkers in Liver Disease. Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7675-3_32

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