Family

Jaramillo, Isabel Cristina

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6199-5_3

Isabel Cristina Jaramillo³

Part of the book series: Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice ((IUSGENT,volume 24))

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Abstract

This chapter deals with problems derived from the institutionalization of the family in Latin America. It discusses various aspects related to the recognition of rights and the equality of women in the family showing a discouraging scenario for women. The Chapter analyses the rights of concubines, as well as child custody and the treatment given to domestic and sexual violence within the family. The decisions covered by the book in this area show that there are some relationships deserving of state’s protection and others that are left out as inexistent. For example, courts regularly deal with property division for cohabiting partners. Some of these decisions present a conflict between different societal values. Should a court recognize cohabitation and distribute property when the woman claiming property rights has unknowingly cohabited with her own father? Courts tend to side with the protection of societal values grounded in moral or religious criteria to the detriment of protecting the weakest or innocent party to the conflict.

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Notes

1.
See Lawrence Stone, The Family, Sex, and Marriage in England, 1500–1850, Harper, New York, 1979; Jacques Donzelot, The Policing of Families, Pantheon Books, New York, 1979; Philippe Ariès, Centuries of Childhood, Vintage Books, New York, 1962; Edward Shorter, The Making of the Modern Family, Basic Books, New York, 1977.
2.
See Edward Shorter, The Making of the Modern Family, op.cit.
3.
See Susan Moller Okin, “Women and the Making of the Sentimental Family” in 11 Philosophical and Public Affairs 1 (1982) and Ann Douglas, The Feminization of American Culture, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1977.
4.
See Edward Shorter, op.cit. and Jacques Donzelot, op.cit.
5.
See Mujer, sexualidad y ley, Divulgamos, Bogotá, 1988; Ligia Echeverri de Ferrufino, La familia de hecho en Colombia, Tercer Mundo, Bogotá, 1984; Marcela Huaita-Alegre, “Desigualdades de género en las consecuencias económico-financieras del divorcio”, in Alda Facio y Lorena Fries, eds., Género y derecho, Ediciones LOM, Santiago, 1999, pp. 487–539; Marcela Huaita-Alegre, “Derechos de custodia, neutralidad de género, derechos humanos de la mujer e interés superior del niño o niña”, in A. Facio y L. Fries, eds., Género y derecho, op.cit., pp. 541–611.
6.
See Carol Gilligan, In a Different Voice, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1982.
7.
See Robin West, The Difference in Women’s Hedonic Lives: A Phenomenological Critique of Feminist Legal Theory, 3 Wis. Women’s L. J. 81 (1987); Carrie Menkel-Meadow, Portia in a different voice: Speculations on a Woman’s Lawyering Process,1 Berkeley Women’s L. J. 39 (1985).
8.
See Catherine MacKinnon, Toward a Feminist Theory of the State, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1991.
9.
See Mary Joe Frug, “A Postmodern Feminist Legal Manifiesto (An Unfinished Draft)”, 105 Harv. L. Rev. 1045, 1992.
10.
See chapter Violence in this book. See also, Duncan Kennedy, “Sexual Abuse, Sexy Dressing and the Eroticization of Domination” in Sexy Dressing, etc., Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1993.
11.
See Alice Echols, Daring to Be Bad, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 1989.
12.
Frederick Engels, The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State, 1884.
13.
See Eli Zaretsky, Capitalism, the Family and Personal Life, Harper & Row, New York , 1976.
14.
August Bebel, Women and Socialism. Socialist Literature Co., New York, 1910.
15.
Frances Olsen, The Family and the State: A Study on Ideology and Legal Reform, 96 Harv. L. Rev. 1491 (1983).
16.
Janet Halley, “Recognition, Rights, Regulation, Normalization: Rhetorics of Justification in the Same-Sex Marriage debate” in Legal Recognition of Same-Sex Partnerships: A Survey of National European and International Law (Robert Wintemute and Mads Andenaes eds.), Hart Publishers, Oxford, 2001.
17.
Kerry Queen, Mommy Dearest: The Focus on the Family in Legal Feminism, 37 Harv. C. R.-C. L. L. Rev. 447 (2002).
18.
Frances Olsen, “The Family and the State: A Study on Ideology and Legal Reform”, op.cit.
19.
See Martha Minow, “Forming underneath everything that grows: toward a history of family law” in, Wisconsin Law Review 819–894 (1985).
20.
For criticism of the this theory see Julien Bonnecase, La Philosophie du Code Napoleon appliquée au Droit de Famille, Paris, 1925, p. 18.
21.
See for a discussion on the martial authority, Sobre la potestad marital ver, por ejemplo, Eduardo Gutiérrez Piñeres, Curso De Derecho Civil Colombiano, op.cit., and Luis Claro y Solar, Explicaciones De Derecho Civil Chileno Y Comparado Imprenta Cervantes, Santiago de Chile, 1898, Vol. 1.
22.
See Eduardo Gutiérrez Piñeres, Curso de derecho civil colombiano, op.cit., and Luis Claro y Solar, Explicaciones de derecho civil chileno y comparado, op.cit.
23.
See Marcela Huaita-Alegre, “Desigualdades de género en las consecuencias económico-financieras del divorcio”, en Género y derecho, op.cit., y Magdalena León y Eugenia Rodríguez Sáenz, eds., ¿Ruptura de la inequidad? Propiedad y género en la América Latina del siglo XIX, Siglo del Hombre Editores, Bogotá, 2005.
24.
See Catherine MacKinnon, Not by Law Alone, in Feminism Unmodified, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1987; On Exceptionality, id.
25.
See Wendy Brown, “Rights and Loses”, in States of Injury: Power and Freedom in Late Modernity, Princeton University Press, 1995.
26.
See Nancy Fraser, Justice Interruptus. Critical Reflections on the “Postsocialist” Condition, Routledge, New York, 1997.
27.
Catherine MacKinnon, “Sex Equality: On Difference and Dominance” in, Towards a Feminist Theory of the State, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1989.
28.
See A Vindication of the Rights of Woman with Strictures on Moral and Political Subjects. Joseph Johnson, London, 1792.; John Stuart Mill, On the Subjection of Women, 1869.
29.
See Ley 1060 de 2006, Colombia.
30.
Robin West, “Jurisprudence and Gender” in, 55 University of Chicago Law Review 1 (1988).
31.
Robin West, “Jurisprudence and Gender”, op.cit.
32.
Jude Cassidy, “The Nature of a Child’s Ties” in Jude Cassidy and Phillip R. Shaver, eds., Handbook of Attachment, The Guilford Press, New York, 1999, pp. 3–20. See also, Arnlaug Leira, “Caring as Social Right: Cash for Child Care and Daddy Leave” in 5 Social Politics 362 (1998) and Barbara B. Bergmann, “Subsidizing Child Care by Mothers at Home,” Working Paper Series, September 1999, Foundation for Child Development.
33.
Martha Albertson Fineman, The Neutered Mother, the Sexual Family and Other Twentieth Century Tragedies, Routledge, New York, 1995.
34.
Robin West, Caring for Justice, New York University Press, New York, 1997.
35.
See W. N. Hohfeld, Conceptos jurídicos fundamentales, Centro Editor de Latinoamérica, Buenos Aires, 1968.
36.
See Luisa Cabal, Mónica Roa and Julieta Lemaitre, eds., Cuerpo y derecho, Temis, Bogotá, 2001.
37.
Catharine MacKinnon, “Difference and Dominance: On Sex Discrimination”, op.cit., and Catharine MacKinnon, Toward a Feminist Theory of the State, op.cit.
38.
See Ann Fury, “Ideological Myths in Women’s Liberation”, Everywoman, December 1970.
39.
See Catharine MacKinnon, Difference and Dominance: On Sex Discrimination, op.cit., and Toward a Feminist Theory of the State, op.cit.
40.
See Alice Echols, Daring to Be Bad, op.cit., and Janet Halley, Split Decisions: How and Why to Take a Break from Feminism, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2006.
41.
Robin West, Jurisprudence and Gender, op.cit.
42.
See Nancy D. Polikoff, “Why Mothers are Losing: A Brief Analysis of Criteria Used in Chile Custody Determinations”, 7 Women’s Rights Reporter 235, 1982, p. 236, Martha Albertson Fineman, The Neutered Mother, the Sexual Family and Other Twentieth Century Tragedies, op.cit.; Robert Mnookin and Eleanor Maccoby, “Facing the Dilemmas of Child Custody”, 10 Virginia Journal of Social Policy and Law 54, 2002, and Joan Williams, “Do Women Need Special Treatment? Do Feminists Need Equality?”, 9 Journal of Contemporary Legal Problems 279, 1998, Joan Williams, “Is Coverture Dead?”, 82 Georgetown Law Journal 2227, 1994.
43.
See Nancy Polikoff, “Why Mothers are Losing: A Brief Analysis of Criteria Used in Chile Custody Determinations”, op.cit.; Frances Olsen, “The Politics of Family Law”, 2 Law and Inequality 1, 1984; Laura Sack, “Women and Children First: A feminist Analysis of the Primary Caretaker Standard in Child Custody Cases”, 4 Yale Journal of Law and Feminism 291, 1991–1992.
44.
Robert Mnookin y Eleanor Maccoby, “Facing the Dilemmas of Child Custody”, op.cit.
45.
Ibíd.
46.
Ibíd.
47.
Article 225 Civil Code of Chile.
48.
Article 444 Civil Procedural Code of Colombia.
49.
Nancy Fraser, Iustitia Interrupta, op.cit.
50.
Nancy Sheperd Hughes, “M(Other) Love”, in Death Without Weeping, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1991.
51.
Linda McClain, “Care as a Public Value: Linking Responsibility, Resources, and Republicanism”, 76 Chicago-Kent Law Review 1673, 2001.
52.
Dorothy E. Roberts, “Spiritual and Menial Housework”, 9 Yale Journal of Law and Feminism 51, 1997, and Mona Harrington, Care and Equality, Alfred A. Knoff, New York, 1999.
53.
See Janet M. Riley, “Women and the Law of Community Property”, 69 American Society of International Law Proceedings 25, 1975; Deborah L. Rhode y Martha Minow, “Reforming the Questions, Questioning the Reforms: Feminist Perspectives on Divorce Law”, in Stephen D. Sugarman y Herma Hill Kay, eds., Divorce Reform at the Crossroads, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1990, and Joan Williams, “Is Coverture Dead”, op.cit. See also, Reva Siegel, “Home as Work: The First Woman’s Rights Claims Concerning Wives’ Household Labor”, 103 Yale Law Journal 1073, 1994.
54.
Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Home, Its Work and Influence, AltaMira Press, Walnut Creek, 2002, pp. 36–61.
55.
Catharine MacKinnon, “Feminismo, marxismo, método y Estado: una agenda para la teoría” en Mauricio García Villegas, Isabel C. Jaramillo Sierray E. Restrepo Saldarriaga, eds., Crítica Jurídica, op.cit.
56.
Catharine MacKinnon, Towards a Feminist Theory of the State, op.cit.
57.
Mary Joe Frug, “A Postmodern Feminist Legal Manifiesto”, op.cit.
58.
Duncan Kennedy, “Sexy Dressing, Sexual Abuse and the Eroticization of Domination”, op.cit.
59.
Catharine MacKinnon, Towards a Feminist Theory of the State, op.cit., and Alice Echols, Daring to be Bad, op.cit.
60.
One of the most important works on this matter is Susan Estrich, Real Rape, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1987.
61.
Sexual harassment as sexual discrimination is an idea developed by Catharine MacKinnon in Sexual Harassment of Working Women: A Case of Sex Discrimination, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1979. An extraordinary compendium of articles produced on the twentieth anniversary of this book is, Catharine MacKinnon y Reva Siegel, eds., Directions in Sexual Harassment Law, Yale University Press, New Haven, 2004.
62.
On the damages caused by pornography See Catharine MacKinnon, “Not a Moral Issue.” Yale Law and Policy Review 321 (1984). See also, Drucilla Cornell, ed., Feminism and Pornography, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2000.
63.
See Elizabeth Schneider, “Particularity and Generality: Challenges of Feminist Theory and Practice in Work on Woman-Abuse”, 67 New York University Law Review 520, 1992 and “Theory and Experience in Constructing the Relationship Between Lawyer and Client: Representing Women who Have Been Abused”, 64 Tennessee Law Review 1019, 1997.
64.
Martha Mahoney, “Legal Images of Battered Women: Redefining the Issue of Separation”, 90 Michigan Law Review 1, 1991.
65.
Kathryn Abrams, “Sex Wars Redux: Agency and Coercion in Feminist Legal Theory”, 95 Columbia Law Review 304, 1995, and Janet Halley, Split Decisions: How and Why to Take a Break from Feminism, op.cit.
66.
See Mary E. Becker, “Domestic Violence, Child Abuse, and the Law: Double Binds Facing Mothers in Abusive Families: Social Support Systems, Custody Outcomes and Liability for Acts of Others”, 2 University of Chicago Law School Roundtable 13, 1995.
67.
Deborah Epstein, “Effective Intervention in Domestic Violence Cases: Rethinking the Roles of Prosecutors, Judges and the Court System”, 11 Yale Journal of Law and Feminism 3, 1999, and Margret E. Bell y Lisa A. Goodman, “Supporting Battered Women Involved in the Court System”, 7 Violence Against Women 1377, 2001.
68.
Jill Davies, Eleanor Lyon y Diane Monti-Catania, Safety Planning with Battered Women, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, 1998.
69.
Janet Halley, Split Decisions: How and Why to Take a Break from Feminism, op.cit., y Katherine Franke, “Theorizing Yes: An Essay on Feminism, Law and Desire”, 101 Columbia Law Review 181, 2001.
70.
Janet Halley, Split Decisions: How and Why to Take a Break from Feminism, op.cit.
71.
See Pablo Rodríguez, Sentimientos y vida familiar en el Nuevo Reino de Granada, Ariel, Bogotá, 1997, and Sonia Lipsett-Rivera, “La violencia dentro de las familias: formal e informal”, in Pilar Gonzalbo Aizpuru and Cecilia Rabell Romero, eds., Familia y vida privada en la historia de Iberoamérica, El Colegio de México and Universidad Autónoma de México, Mexico D.F., 1996.

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Facultad de Derecho, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Cra. 1 Este No. 18a 70, RGC 309, Bogotá, Colombia
Isabel Cristina Jaramillo (Associate Professor, Director of Research and Doctoral Studies)

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Isabel Cristina Jaramillo
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Correspondence to Isabel Cristina Jaramillo .

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Medrano 1366, Buenos Aires, 1179, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Cristina Motta
, Washington College of Law, American University, Massachusetts Ave. N.W. 4801, Washington, 20016, District of Columbia, USA
Macarena Saez

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Jaramillo, I.C. (2013). Family. In: Motta, C., Saez, M. (eds) Gender and Sexuality in Latin America - Cases and Decisions. Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice, vol 24. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6199-5_3

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6199-5_3
Published: 14 March 2013
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-6198-8
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-6199-5
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