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Phytases and Phosphatases of Thermophilic Microbes: Production, Characteristics and Multifarious Biotechnological Applications

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Thermophilic Microbes in Environmental and Industrial Biotechnology

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Abstract

Thermophilic microbes have been considered as good sources of ­thermostable enzymes with high catalytic activity, greater resistance to denaturing agents and lower incidence of contamination. Thermostable enzymes are receiving considerable attention because of their usefulness in high-temperature catalysis of various enzymatic industrial processes. Phytases (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate phosphohydrolase) are the phosphatases, which catalyse the hydrolysis of phytic acid to inorganic phosphate and myo-inositol phosphate derivatives, while phosphatases are able to hydrolyse a wide variety of esters and anhydride phosphoric acids, releasing phosphate, and are also able to perform transphosphorylation reactions. The phosphorus thus liberated is used in metabolic pathways. The phosphatases have been considered to be one of the most versatile groups of hydrolases because of their adaptability under different environmental extremes such as high-temperature regimes and regulate phosphate metabolism for maintaining phosphorus economy of the cell for fulfilling its growth as well as bioenergetic requirements. The reduction of phytic acid content in the foods and feeds by enzymatic hydrolysis using phytase is desirable, because the physical and chemical methods of phytate removal negatively affect their nutritional value. These enzymes, therefore, have potential applications in food and feed industries for mitigating their phytic acid content to liberate available inorganic phosphate and improve digestibility as a result of elimination of antinutrient characteristics. In this review, the attention is focused on the production, characteristics and potential biotechnological aspects of phytases and phosphatases from thermophilic microbes.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial assistance from University Grants Commission (UGC) and Department of Science & Technology (DST), Government of India, New Delhi, while writing this review.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India

    Bijender Singh

  2. Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110 021, India

    Tulasi Satyanarayana

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  1. Bijender Singh
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  2. Tulasi Satyanarayana
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Correspondence to Bijender Singh .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India

    Tulasi Satyanarayana

  2. , School of Chemistry and Biological Scien, Exeter University, Henry Welcome bldg. Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom

    Jennifer Littlechild

  3. , Functional Genomics of Extremophiles, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan

    Yutaka Kawarabayasi

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Singh, B., Satyanarayana, T. (2013). Phytases and Phosphatases of Thermophilic Microbes: Production, Characteristics and Multifarious Biotechnological Applications. In: Satyanarayana, T., Littlechild, J., Kawarabayasi, Y. (eds) Thermophilic Microbes in Environmental and Industrial Biotechnology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5899-5_25

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