Abstract
The expanding knowledge from urban ecological research will be critical for enhancing our ecological understanding of cities and for influencing the ability to shape cities to increase ecosystem functions and benefits. Even with the generation of data and the development of ecological theory pertinent to urban systems, the application of ecological understanding to the design and restructuring of urban systems requires additional steps. In particular, design practitioners still need to integrate and apply these ecological concepts. This chapter explores the design process as a tool for applied science. The design process is flexible enough to incorporate ecological input at different stages. However, the process itself favors the working methods of design. Through a case study, the chapter examines the interplay between designers and professional ecologists working together through the design process. This study suggests that facilitating the exchange between designers and ecologists requires a commitment on the part of the designer to provide multiple opportunities for ecological input in the process as well as a more proactive effort on the part of ecologists to provide input at those stages.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Alberti M, Marzluff JM, Shulenberger E, Bradley G, Ryan C, Zumbrunnen C (2009) Integrating humans into ecology: opportunities and challenges for studying urban ecosystems. BioScience 53:1169–1179
Batty M (2008) The size, scale, and shape of cities. Science 319:769–771
Benton-Short L (1998) The Presidio: from army post to national park. Northeastern University Press, Boston
Cadenasso ML, Pickett STA (2008) Urban principles for ecological landscape design and Âmanagement: scientific fundamentals. Cities Environ 1(2):article 4, 16p
Cadenasso ML, Pickett STA, Grove JM (2006) Integrative approaches to investigating human-natural systems: the Baltimore ecosystem study. Nat Sci Sociétés 14:1–14
Carpenter SR, Armbrust EV, Arzberger PW, Chapin FS, Elser JJ, Hackett EJ, Ives AR, Kareiva PM, Leibold MA, Lundberg P, Mangel M, Merchant N, Murdoch WW, Palmer MA, Peters DPC, Pickett STA, Smith KK, Wall DH, Zimmerman AS (2009) Accelerate synthesis in Âecology and environmental sciences. BioScience 59(8):699–701
Collins SL, Carpenter SR, Swinton SM, Orenstein DE, Childers DL, Gragson TL, Grimm NB, Grove JM, Harlan SL, Kaye JP, Knapp AK, Kofina GP, Magnuson JJ, McDowell WH, Melack JM, Ogden LA, Robertson GP, Smith MD, Whitmer AC (2011) An integrated conceptual framework for long-term social–ecological research. Front Ecol Environ 9:351–357
Czerniak J (2001) Case: Downsview Park Toronto. Prestel Verlag, Munich
Felson A, Pickett STA (2005) Designed experiments: new approaches to studying urban Âecosystems. Front Ecol Environ 3:549–556
Felson A, Pollak L (2010) Defining ecology in ecological urbanism. In: Mostafavi M, Doherty G (eds) Ecological urbanism. Harvard University Press, Cambridge
Forman RTT (2002) The missing catalyst: design and planning with ecology roots. In: Johnson BR, Hill K (eds) Ecology and design: frameworks for learning. Island Press, Washington, DC
Gaston KJ (2010) Urban ecology, Ecological reviews series. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Grimm NB, Redman CL (2004) Approaches to the study of urban ecosystems: the case of Central Arizona–Phoenix. Urban Ecosyst 7:199–213
Holloran P (1998) Seeing the trees through the forest: oaks and history in the Presidio. In: Brook J, Carlsson C, Peters NJ (eds) Reclaiming San Francisco: history, politics, culture. City Lights Books, San Francisco
Johnson BR, Silbernagel J, Hostetler M, Mills A, Ndubisi F, Fife E, Rossiter-Hunter M (2002) The nature of dialogue and the dialogue of nature: designers and ecologists in collaboration. In: Johnson BR, Hill K (eds) Ecology and design: frameworks for learning. Island Press, Washington, DC
Lundholm JT, Richardson PJ (2010) Habitat analogues for reconciliation ecology in urban and industrial environments. J Appl Ecol 47:966–975
McDonnell MJ, Breuste JH, Hahs AK (2009) Introduction: scope of the book and need for Âdeveloping a comparative approach to the ecological study of cities. In: McDonnell MJ, Hahs AK, Breuste JH (eds) Ecology of cities and towns. Cambridge University Press, New York
Millar CI, Stephenson NL, Stephens SL (2007) Climate change and forests of the future: managing in the face of uncertainty. Ecol Appl 17:2145–2151
Musacchio LR (2009) The scientific basis for the design of landscape sustainability: a conceptual framework for translational landscape research and practice of designed landscapes and the six Es of landscape sustainability. Landsc Ecol 24:993–1013
Niemela J, Brueste JJ, Elmqvist T, Guntenspergen GR, James P, McIntyre NE (eds) (2011) Urban ecology: patterns, processes, and applications. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Nilsson KL, Florgård C (2009) Ecological scientific knowledge in urban and land-use planning. In: McDonnell MJ, Hahs AK, Breuste JH (eds) Ecology of cities and towns. Cambridge University Press, New York
Pace ML, Hampton SE, Limburg KE, Bennett EM, Cook EM, Davis AE, Grove JM, Kaneshiro KY, LaDeau SL, Likens GE, McKnight DM, Richardson DC, Strayer DL (2010) Communicating with the public: opportunities and rewards for individual ecologists. Front Ecol Environ 8:292–298
Palmer MA, Bernhardt E, Chornesky E (2004) Ecology for a crowded planet. Science 304:1251–1252
Pataki DE, Carreiro MM, Cherrier J, Grulke NE, Jennings V, Pincetl S, Pouyat RV, Whitlow TH, Zipperer WC (2011) Coupling biogeochemical cycles in urban environments: ecosystem Âservices, green solutions, and misconceptions. Front Ecol Environ 9:27–36
Pickett STA, Cadenasso ML (2008) Linking ecological and built components of urban mosaics: an open cycle of ecological design. J Ecol 96:8–12
Pickett STA, Cadenasso ML, Grove JM, Groffman PM, Band LE, Boone CG, Burch WR, Grimmond CSB, Hom J, Jenkins JC, Law NL, Nilon CH, Pouyat RV, Szlavecz K, Warren PS, Wilson MA (2008) Beyond urban legends: an emerging framework of urban ecology, as Âillustrated by the Baltimore ecosystem study. BioScience 58:139–150
Presidio T (2009) The Presidio Trust strategic plan: fiscal year 2005–2009. Presidio Trust, San Francisco
Redman CL, Grove JM, Kuby LH (2004) Integrating social science into the long-term ecological research (LTER) network: social dimensions of ecological change and ecological dimensions of social change. Ecosystems 7:161–171
Roach WJ, Heffernan JB, Grimm NB, Arrowsmith JR, Eisinger C, Rychener T (2008) Unintended consequences of urbanization for aquatic ecosystems: a case study from the Arizona desert. BioScience 58:715–727
Rosenzweig ML (2003) Win-win ecology. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Shane DG (2005) Recombinant urbanism: conceptual modeling in architecture, urban design, and city theory. Wiley, West Sussex
Acknowledgements
I would like to express appreciation to EDAW AECOM for Âproviding generous funding and support for the project. Thanks especially to Joe Brown, Tim Delorm, Curtis Alling, David Blau, Fran Hegeler and Amanda Walter. I am also grateful to the Presidio Trust for the opportunity to work together to explore the integration of ecology and design. I am especially grateful to Michael Boland and Allison Stone and all workshop participants. Preparation and implementation of the workshop held at the Presidio occurred through a multi-office collaboration with the Ecology and Design team. Thanks to the EDAW team members, including Alma Du Solier, Leo Edson, Debra Bishop and Dawn Cunningham, and to the other participants including Paul Tuttle, Aki Omi, Michelle Dubin, Curtis Alling, David Blau, Steven Hanson, Chris Fitzer, David Lloyd, and Dixi Carillo. An interdisciplinary team in the EDAW New York office completed the post-workshop analysis and book production: Brian Goldberg, Anthony Blanco, Renee Kaufman, Hye Young Choi, Sean Cheng, Tim Terway, Jaman Pablo, Caitrin Higgins, Shaun O’Rourke and Aaron Menkin.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Felson, A.J. (2013). The Design Process as a Framework for Collaboration Between Ecologists and Designers. In: Pickett, S., Cadenasso, M., McGrath, B. (eds) Resilience in Ecology and Urban Design. Future City, vol 3. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5341-9_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5341-9_22
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-5340-2
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-5341-9
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)