Abstract
Reflecting on the research findings, it can be said that the current nature of migrant transnationalism is the result of an interplay of various historical, political, economic, and cultural factors. For instance, the characteristics of migration between India and the UK are extensively related to the colonial history of the countries. Similarly, the most important reasons for the intensive movement of people between Morocco and France lie in the past French colonial presence in Morocco and in the long history of emigration to France. The Turkish–German case represents an established transnational connection in which economic migration has a vital role to play. Although the initial assumption was that Turkish “guest workers” would stay in Germany for only a limited period of time and then return to Turkey, this was not the case; many of them settled in Germany. Finally, the Estonian–Finnish space represents an emerging transnational space in which human movement was prevented by political factors for a long time. Although the Estonian–Finnish space is a fairly recent migratory passage, it has undergone remarkable transformation processes during the past few decades.
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Notes
- 1.
Although 1984 continued to excite and mobilize young British-born Sikhs, there was a turn toward decoupling Sikhism from its provincial concerns with the Punjab homeland and recasting it as a fast-growing “world religion” alongside Christianity and Islam. Youth in the UK were linked to, and played an essential part in, the Sikh revival in Canada, the US, and continental Europe as well as Punjab.
- 2.
The term emerging countries refers here to societies that are undergoing a dynamic and rapid economic change (e.g., China, India, Brazil), and those in transition from a centrally directed political and economic system toward a free market system and processes of liberalization (e.g., Russia, Eastern Europe).
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Pitkänen, P., Içduygu, A., Sert, D. (2012). Current Characteristics of Migrant Transnationalism. In: Pitkänen, P., Içduygu, A., Sert, D. (eds) Migration and Transformation:. International Perspectives on Migration, vol 3. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3968-0_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3968-0_6
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