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Biomanagement of Metal-Contaminated Soils pp 297–321Cite as

Chromium Pollution and Bioremediation: An Overview

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Part of the book series: Environmental Pollution ((EPOL,volume 20))

Abstract

Chromium, a steel-gray, lustrous, hard, and brittle metal, occurs in nature in bound forms and has been widely used in various industries. Chromium exists in several oxidation states, of which hexavalent chromium is a priority toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic chemical, whereas trivalent form is much less toxic and insoluble. Hexavalent chromium causes various chronic health disorders including organ damage, dermatitis, respiratory impairment, etc. Moreover, the discharge of chromium-containing wastes has also led to the destruction of many agricultural lands and water bodies. Therefore, the remediation of chromium contaminated sites is essentially required to offset the chromium toxicity. Many technologies like land filling, stabilization/solidification, physicochemical extraction, soil washing, and flushing are used to clean up chromium-contaminated soils. None of these techniques are completely accepted because either they do not offer a permanent solution, or they simply immobilize the contaminant or are costly when applied to a large area. Bioremediation involving microorganisms is considered the most promising option in cleaning up the chromium-contaminated environment. Phytoremediation has gained importance in chromium remediation, which can be achieved by phytoextraction, rhizofiltration, and phyto-detoxification. A selective overview of the past achievements and current perspective of chromium remediation technologies reported by different workers using promising microorganisms and plants is given.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India

    Nilanjana Das & Lazar Mathew

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  1. Nilanjana Das
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  2. Lazar Mathew
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Correspondence to Nilanjana Das .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Fac. Agricultural Sciences, Dept. Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India

    Mohammad Saghir Khan

  2. Fac. Agricultural Sciences, Dept. Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India

    Almas Zaidi

  3. , Department of Microbiology, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agricu, Pantnagar, 263145, India

    Reeta Goel

  4. , Department of Zoology, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Javed Musarrat

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Das, N., Mathew, L. (2011). Chromium Pollution and Bioremediation: An Overview. In: Khan, M., Zaidi, A., Goel, R., Musarrat, J. (eds) Biomanagement of Metal-Contaminated Soils. Environmental Pollution, vol 20. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1914-9_13

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