Abstract
This study analyses the leaving of the parental home by native Germans and immigrants from Turkey. By elaborating on the concept of “linked-life events”, which describes the synchronicity in timing of two different transitions in adolescent life, I expect that the synchronicity of marriage and leaving parental home has substantially declined in post-war Germany as a result of trends in modernization, secularization and individualization, especially since the late 1960s. The question of whether such a decline occurred also in the group of Turkish immigrants will be tested empirically by using data from the German Gender & Generations Survey Program. In the first step of this article, the idea of linked events in the life-course and normative bonding in communities will be discussed. Subsequently, it will be elaborated on why the timing of leaving home might differ between natives and Turkish immigrants in Germany. It will be argued that patterns of normative bonding differ between both groups particularly with regard to gender. In the first part of the empirical section, religiosity and family-related norm orientations of the two groups will be compared. A comparison of survivor functions of different subgroups will then provide first insights into differences in the timing of leaving home. By using the concepts of normative bonding and linked life-events, it will be investigated to what extent the intervening life-event of marriage has an impact on the rate at which respondents leave parental home and whether there are interaction effects of religiosity and norm orientations with regard to gender. It will be examined whether the impact of marriage is noticeably stronger in the Turkish group and if there are additional gender-specific patterns. Finally, by using a competing-risk perspective, birth-cohort effects and processes of “de-linking” of life-events will be investigated in order to compare the processes of individualization of natives and Turkish immigrants.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsNotes
- 1.
Separate analysis gives an alpha of.57 for Turkish immigrants and.60 for native Germans. The reliability of the religiosity scale (.78) differs between both groups as well (.60 for Turkish immigrants and.84 for native Germans). Nevertheless, the scaling provides an advantage over single item measurements and for this reason these scales have been used in the analysis.
- 2.
This indicator is limited insofar as we only know the number of siblings in the data, but not how many of these siblings were still living in the parental household when the respondent decides to move out. See, in addition, the conclusion section of this paper.
- 3.
This is because in the interaction term exp(β[attitude] + γ[female] + δ[attitude*female]), only exp(β [attitude]) remains if the dummy female =0.
References
Billari, F. C. (2001). The analysis of early life-course: Complex transitions to adulthood. Journal of Population Research, 18(2), 119–142.
Billari, F. C., & Liefbroer, A. C. (2007). Should I stay or should I go? The impact of age norms on leaving home. Demography, 44(1), 181–198.
Born, C., Krüger, H., & Heinz, W. R. (Eds.). (2001). Individualisierung und Verflechtung. Geschlecht und Generation im deutschen Lebenslaufregime. Weinheim: Juventa-Verl.
Diefenbach, H. (2007). Kinder und Jugendliche aus Migrantenfamilien im deutschen Bildungssystem. Erklärungen und empirische Befunde. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften/GWV Fachverlage GmbH Wiesbaden (Springer-11776 /Dig. Serial).
Diehl, C., & Koenig, M. (2009). Religiosität türkischer Migranten im Generationenverlauf. Zeitschrift für Soziologie, 38(4), 300–319.
Diehl, C., Koenig, M., & Rueckdeschel, K. (2009). Religiosity and gender equality – Comparing natives and muslim migrants in Germany. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 32(2), 278–301.
Drobnič, S. (2003). Ties between lives: Dynamic of employment patterns of spouses. In W. R. Heinz & V. W. Marshall (Eds.), Social dynamics of the life course. Transitions, institutions, and interrelations (1st ed., pp. 259–278). Hawthorne: Aldine de Gruyter.
Esser, H. (2004). Welche Alternativen zur < Assimilation < gibt es eigentlich. In K. J. Bade & M. Bommes (Eds.), Migration – Integration – Bildung Grundfragen und Problembereiche. Osnabrück: IMIS.
Esser, H. (2008). Assimilation, ethnische Schichtung oder selektive Akkulturation? Neuere Theorien der Eingliederung von Migranten und das Modell der intergenerationalen Integration. In F. Kalter (Ed.), Migration und Integration (Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und SozialpsychologieSonderheft, Vol. 48, pp. 81–107). Wiesbaden: VS Verl. für Sozialwiss.
Ette, A., Hullen, G., Leven, I., & Ruckdeschel, K. (2007). Generations and Gender Survey. Dokumentation der Befragung von türkischen Migranten in Deutschland (Materialien zur Bevölkerungswissenschaft, Heft, Vol. 121b). Wiesbaden: Herausgegeben von Bundesinstitut für Bevölkerungsforschung.
Gerhards, J. (2004). Europäische Werte – Passt die Türkei kulturell zur EU? Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, 38, 14–20.
Giele, J. Z., & Elder, G. H. (1998). Life course research: Development of a field. In J. Z. Giele & G. H. Elder (Eds.), Methods of life course research. Qualitative and quantitative approaches (pp. 5–27). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Glick-Schiller, N., Basch, L., & Blanc-Szanton, C. (1997). From immigrant to transmigrant: Theorizing transnational migration. In L. Pries (Ed.), Transnationale Migration (Soziale welt, sonderband, Vol. 12, pp. 121–140). Baden-Baden: Nomos-Verl.-Ges.
Goldscheider, F. K., & Goldscheider, C. (1993). Leaving home before marriage. Ethnicity, familism, and generational relationships. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Göle, N. (1997). Secularism and islamism in Turkey: The making of elites and counter-elites. Middle East Journal, 51(1), 46–58.
Granovetter, M. (1973). The strength of weak ties. The American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), 1360–1380.
Halpern, D. (2005). Social capital. Oxford: Polity Press.
Heinz, W. R., & Marshall, V. W. (Eds.). (2003). Social dynamics of the life course. Transitions, institutions, and interrelations (The life course and aging 1st ed., pp. 33–56). Hawthorne: Aldine de Gruyter.
Huschek, D., Liefbroer, A. C., & de Valk, H. A. C. (2010). Timing of first union among second-generation Turks in Europe: The role of parents, peers and institutional context. Demographic Research, 22(16), 473–504.
Inglehart, R. (1990). Culture shift in advanced industrial society. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Jaworsky, B. N., & Levitt, P. (2007). Transnational migration studies: Past developments and future trends. Annual Review of Sociology, 33, 129–156.
Kagitcibasi, C., & Sunar, D. (1997). Familie und Sozialisation in der Türkei. In B. Nauck & U. Schönpflug (Eds.), Familien in verschiedenen Kulturen (Der Mensch als soziales und personales Wesen, pp. 145–161). Stuttgart: Enke.
Karasipahi, S. (2009). Muslims in modern Turkey. Kemalism, modernism and the revolt of the Islamic intellectuals (Library of modern middle east studies, Vol. 72). London: Tauris.
Kley, S., & Huinink, J. (2006). Die Gründung des eigenen Haushalts bei Ost- und Westdeutschen nach der Wiedervereinigung. Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, 31(1), 127–154.
Konietzka, D., & Huinink, J. (2003). Die De-Standardisierung einer Statuspassage?: Zum Wandel des Auszugs aus dem Elternhaus und des Übergangs in das Erwachsenenalter in Westdeutschland. Soziale Welt, 54(3), 285–311.
Krüger, H. (2001). Geschlecht, Territorien, Institutionen: Beitrag zu einer Soziologie der Lebenslauf-Relationalität. In C. Born, H. Krüger, & W. R. Heinz (Eds.), Individualisierung und Verflechtung. Geschlecht und Generation im deutschen Lebenslaufregime (pp. 257–300). Weinheim: Juventa.
Krüger, H. (2003). The life course regime: Ambiguities between interrelatedness and individualization. In W. R. Heinz & V. W. Marshall (Eds.), Social dynamics of the life course. Transitions, institutions, and interrelations (The life course and aging 1st ed., pp. 33–56). Hawthorne: Aldine de Gruyter.
Lehrer, E. L. (2000). Religion as a determinant of entry into cohabitation and marriage. In L. J. Waite & C. Bachrach (Eds.), The ties that bind. Perspectives on marriage and cohabitation (pp. 227–251). New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
Lehrer, E. L. (2004). Religion as a determinant of economic and demographic behavior in the United States. IZA Discussion papers No. 1390.
Nauck, B. (1989). Intergenerational relationships in families from Turkey and Germany. An extension of the ‘Value of Children’ approach to educational attitudes and socialization practices. European Sociological Review, 5(3), 251–274.
Park, R. E. (1928). Human migration and the marginal man. The American Journal of Sociology, 33, 881–893.
Portes, A. (1998). Social capital: Its origins and applications in modern sociology. Annual Review of Sociology, 24, 1–24.
Portes, A., & Rumbaut, R. G. (2006). Immigrant America. A portrait (3rd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press.
Portes, A., & Zhou, M. (1993). The New second generation: Segmented assimilation and its variants. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 530, 74–96.
Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American Community. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Ruckdeschel, K., Ette, A., Hullen, G., & Leven, I. (2006). Generations and Gender Survey. Dokumentation der ersten Welle der Hauptbefragung in Deutschland (Materialien zur Bevölkerungswissenschaft, Heft, Vol. 121a). Wiesbaden: Herausgegeben von Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge.
Sackmann, R., & Wingens, M. (2003). From transitions to trajectories: Sequence types. In W. R. Heinz & V. W. Marshall (Eds.), Social dynamics of the life course. Transitions, institutions, and interrelations (The life course and aging 1st ed., pp. 93–112). Hawthorne: Aldine de Gruyter.
Thomas, W. I., & Znaniecki, F. (1995). The polish peasant in Europe and America. A classic work in immigration history. Urbana: University of Illinois Press (An Illini book from the University of Illinois Press).
Weber, M. (1972). Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Grundriß der verstehenden Soziologie. Tübingen: Mohr.
Zhou, M. (1997). Segmented assimilation: Issues, controversies, and recent research on the new second generation. International Migration Review, 31(4), 975–1008.
Zorlu, A., & Mulder, C. (2011). Ethnic differences in leaving home: Time and pathways. Demography, 48, 49–72.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Appendix
Appendix
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Windzio, M. (2011). Linked Life-Events. Leaving Parental Home in Turkish Immigrant and Native Families in Germany. In: Wingens, M., Windzio, M., de Valk, H., Aybek, C. (eds) A Life-Course Perspective on Migration and Integration. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1545-5_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1545-5_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-1544-8
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-1545-5
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawSocial Sciences (R0)