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Interface, Correspondence and Convergence of Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law

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Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law

Part of the book series: Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law ((YIHL,volume 1))

Abstract

From a doctrinal point of view, the relationship between human rights and international humanitarian law (IHL) seems like a settled issue in terms of the correspondence of basic objectives and common aims.1

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References

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  46. Supra n. 18.

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  47. Cf., A. Eide, et al., ‘Combating lawlessness in gray zone conflicts through minimum humanitarian standards’, 89 AJIL (1995) p. 216.

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  50. Ibid., at pp. 294–295.

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  51. Ibid., at p. 295.

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  52. Ibid., at p. 297: The unlawfulness of the actions taken is reflected not only in the violence characterizing the operations but also in the measures which were taken for the purpose of concealing the arrests and the fate of the detainees, submitting them to unacceptable conditions of captivity.’

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  53. Ibid., at pp. 297–298: There was not enough evidence as to determine the existence of a similar systematic plan as to ascertain criminal responsibility to the defendants in reference to abduction of minors, bribery, kidnapping for ransom, extortion and crimes against property.’

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  54. Ibid., at p. 1538.

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  60. Causa originalmente instruida por el Consejo Supremo de las Fuerzas Armadas en cumplimiento del Decreto 158/83 del Poder Ejecutivo Nacional, Cámara Nacional de Apelaciones en lo Criminal y Correccional, sentencia del 9 de Diciembre de 1985, Fallos CSJN, v. 309-1 Ibid., at pp. 1547–1548: ‘In order to understand the legal context within which the presidential order ‘to exterminate’ subversives was issued, it must be recalled that article 31 of the national constitution was still in force. According to this article, the National Constitution, the laws enacted as a consequence of constitutional prescriptions and treaties concluded with foreign nations, are the supreme law of the land. Consequently, even if the President would have desired to issue an administrative act derogating the supreme law of the land, he was not in a position to do so because it was beyond the powers granted to him by the Constitution.’

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  61. See Causa originalmente instruida por el Consejo Supremo de las Fuerzas Armadas en cumplimiento del Decreto 158/83 del Poder Ejecutivo Nacional, Cámara Nacional de Apelaciones en lo Criminal y Correccional, sentencia del 9 de Diciembre de 1985, Fallos CSJN, v. 309-1 supra n. 68 at p. 1555: ‘The discrepancy between the acts that were carried out and what is admissible to a civilized society appears to have been recognized by the commanders themselves. For this reason, they choose to keep covert the procedures they had employed, even after the fight was over.’ The Court added at p. 1557 that, ‘The means with which the defendants conducted the fight against subversion do not correspond to the notion of excessive use of defensive force. Excess, as said above, stems from fear, surprise and an agitated state of mind. The terrorist aggression was grave, serious and it had to be stopped; however, it cannot be accepted that a government which held all the power of law and of force, behaved as it did out of a change in the state of mind of its members. The acts in question were planned, directed and ordered ... In no way can it be accepted that the defendants subjectively acted using excessive defensive force.’

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  79. Regulations RC-9-1 of the Argentine Army, at p. 173, See Causa originalmente instruida por el Consejo Supremo de las Fuerzas Armadas en cumplimiento del Decreto 158/83 del Poder Ejecutivo Nacional, Cámara Nacional de Apelaciones en lo Criminal y Correccional, sentencia del 9 de Diciembre de 1985, Fallos CSJN, v. 309-1 supra n. 68 at p. 1571.

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  83. ‘...At that time — in reference to internal violence during the seventies — war was not mentioned but fighting against delinquent subversive bands, which was a fact. But as soldiers we know that hostilities should be conducted with due respect to the Geneva Conventions. Many of you present here ... know to what I particularly referred to, because you have been prisoners of war in the Malvinas and the rest of the army knows because of the knowledge of international humanitarian law ...’ Discourse pronounced by General M. Balza on 12 February 1998, text reproduced in El Soldado Journal (Buenos Aires, 13 February 1998).

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  85. On the contrary, the Swiss Military Tribunal gave an broad interpretation of the applicability of IHL to internal armed conflicts, In re. G., Military Tribunal, Division 1, Lausanne, Switzerland, 18 April 1997. See commentary at 92 AJIL (1998) p. 78 et seq.

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  88. Declaration on the Protection of all Persons from enforced Disappearances, 18 December 1992, A/RES/47/133; see also Art. 3.2.(d) Declaration of Minimum Humanitarian Standards, supra n. 32.

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  89. Statute of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, S/RES/808 (1993).

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  90. See supra n. 107 at para. 595.

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  92. See supra n. 107, Dissenting opinion of Judge McDonald, para. 7.

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  93. International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, Prosecutor v. Rajić, Review of Indictment Pursuant to Rule 61 of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence, case No. IT-95-12-R61, 13 September 1996, para. 22.

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  94. Ibid. para. 14.

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  95. Ibid., at para. 21.

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© 1998 T.M.C. Asser Instituut, The Hague, The Netherlands

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Vinuesa, R.E. (1998). Interface, Correspondence and Convergence of Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law. In: Peters, K. (eds) Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law. Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law, vol 1. T.M.C. Asser Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-747-0_3

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