Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Diversity of the Core Oligosaccharide in Lipopolysaccharides

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Endotoxins: Structure, Function and Recognition

Part of the book series: Subcellular Biochemistry ((SCBI,volume 53))

Abstract

Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are the major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. They have a structural role since they contribute to the cellular rigidity by increasing the strength of cell wall and mediating contacts with the external environment that can induce structural changes to allow life in different conditions. Furthermore, the low permeability of the outer membrane acts as a barrier to protect bacteria from host-derived antimicrobial compounds. Lipopolysaccharides are amphiphilic macromolecules generally comprising three defined regions distinguished by their genetics, structures and function: the lipid A, the core oligosaccharide and a polysaccharide portion, the O-chain. In some Gram-negative bacteria LPS can terminate with the core portion to form rough type LPS (R-LPS, LOS). The core oligosaccharide is an often branched and phosphorylated heterooligosaccharide with less than fifteen sugars, more conserved in the inner region, proximal to the lipid A, and often carrying non-stoichiometric substitutions leading to variation and micro-heterogeneity. The core oligosaccharide contributes to the bacterial viability and stability of the outer membrane, can assure the serological specificity and possesses antigenic properties.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Here and further on, KdoI is meant as the first Kdo of the core region; the branched Kdo residues will be named KdoII and KdoIII. As for Heptose residues, HepI is the Heptose residue directly linked to Kdo; HepII is linked to the first Hep in the main sugar backbone. Branched Hep residues have the highest numbering.

Abbreviations

LPS:

lipopolysaccharide

LOS:

lipooligosaccharide

OM:

outer membrane

Kdo:

3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid

Ko:

d-glycero-α-d-talo-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid

GlcN:

glucosamine

L,D-Hep:

d-glycero-d-manno-heptopyranose residue

Ara4N:

4-deoxy-4-amino-arabinose

EtN:

2-amino-ethanol

P:

Phosphate

PPEtN:

2-aminoethanol diphosphate

PEtN:

2-aminoethanol phosphate

PCho:

2-trimethylaminoethanol phosphate

Ac:

Acetyl

Cm:

carbamoyl

Pyr:

pyruvic acid

R:

rough

S:

smooth

References

  • Alexander, C., Rietschel, E.T. Bacterial lipopolysaccharides and innate immunity. J Endotoxin Res 7 (2001) 167–202.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amano K. An Interesting Property of O-Antigen Polysaccharide in lipopolysaccharide: Cross-talk between Lipopolysaccharides of Helicobacter pylori and host cells through lewis blood group antigens. Trends Glycosci Glycotechnol 14 (2002) 105–114.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choudhury, B., Carlson, R.W., Goldberg, J.B. Characterization of the lipopolysaccharide from a wbjE mutant of the serogroup O11 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain, PA103. Carbohydr Res 343 (2008) 238–248.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Corsaro, M.M., Pieretti, G., Lindner, B., Lanzetta, R., Parrilli, E., Tutino, M.L., Parrilli, M. Highly phosphorylated core oligosaccharide structures from cold-adapted Psychromonas arctica, Chem Eur J 14 (2008) 9368–937.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Castro, C., Molinaro, A., Lanzetta, R., Silipo, A., Parrilli, M. Lipopolysaccharide structures from Agrobacterium and Rhizobiaceae species. Carbohydr Res 343(12) (2008) 1924–1933.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Castro, C., Molinaro, A., Nunziata, R., Lanzetta, R., Parrilli, M., Holst, O. A novel core region, lacking heptose and phosphate, of the lipopolysaccharide from the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas cichorii (Pseudomonadaceae RNA group I). Eur J Org Chem 11 (2004) 2427–2435.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Soyza, A., Silipo, A., Lanzetta, R., Govan, J.R., Molinaro, A. The chemical and biological features of Burkholderia cepacia complex lipopolysaccharides. Innate Immun 14 (2008) 127–144.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hanuszkiewicz, A., Hübner, G., Vinogradov, E., Lindner, B., Brade, L., Brade, H., Debarry, J., Heine, H., Holst, O. Structural and immunochemical analysis of the lipopolysaccharide from Acinetobacter lwoffii F78 located outside Chlamydiaceae with a Chlamydia-specific lipopolysaccharide epitope. Chem Eur J 14 (2008) 10251–10258.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harper, M., Boyce, J.D., Cox, A.D., St. Michael, F., Wilkie, I.W., Blackall, P.J., Adler, B., Pasteurella multocida espresses two lipopolysaccharide glycoforms simultaneously, but only a single form is required for virulence: identification of two acceptor-specific heptosyl I transferases. Infect Immun 75 (2007) 3885–3893.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heinrichs, D.E., Yethon, J.A., Whitfield, C. Molecular basis for structural diversity in the core regions of the lipopolysaccharides of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. Mol Microbiol 30(2) (1998) 221–232.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holst, O. Chemical structure of the core region of lipopolysaccharides. an update. Trends Glycosci Glycotechnol 14 (2002) 87–103.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holst, O., Molinaro, A. 2009. Core oligosaccharide and lipid A components of lipopolysaccharides. In Moran, A., Brennan, P., Holst, O., von Itszstein, M. (eds), Microbial Glycobiology: Structures Relevance and Applications. Elsevier, San Diego, CA, pp. 29–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holst, O., The structures of core regions from enterobacterial lipopolysaccharides – an update. FEMS Microbiol Lett 271 (2007) 3–11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ieranò, T., Silipo, A., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Corris, P., Perry, J., Lanzetta, R., Parrilli, M., De Soyza, A., Molinaro, A. Structural elucidation of a novel B. cenocepacia ET-12 lipooligosaccharide isolated from a cystic fibrosis patient after lung transplantation. Eur J Org Chem 7 (2010a) 1299–1306.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ieranò, T., Silipo, A., Nazarenko, E.L., Gorshkova E.L., Ivanova E.P., Garozzo, D., Sturiale, L., Lanzetta, R., Parrilli, M., Molinaro, A. Against the rules: a marine bacterium, Loktanella rosea, possesses a unique lipopolysaccharide. Glycobiology 20(5) (2010b) 586–593.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ieranò, T., Silipo A., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Brookes, H., Anjam Khan, C.M., Bryant, C., Gould, F.K., Corris, P.A., Lanzetta, R., Parrilli M., De Soyza, A., Molinaro, A. The structure and pro-inflammatory activity of the lipopolysaccharide from Burkholderia multivorans and the differences between clonal strains colonizing pre- and post-transplantated lungs. Glycobiology 18(11) (2008) 871–881.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ieranò, T., Silipo, A., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Bryant, C., Lanzetta, R., Parrilli, M., Aldridge, C., Gould, F.K., Corris, P.A., Khan, C.M., De Soyza, A., Molinaro, A. First structural characterization of Burkholderia vietnamiensis lipooligosaccharide from cystic fibrosis-associated lung transplantation strains. Glycobiology 19(11) (2009) 1214–1223.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Isshiki, Y., Zähringer, U., Kawahara, K. Structure of the core oligosaccharide with a characteristic D-glycero-α-D-talo-oct-2-ulosonate-(2→4)-3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonate [α-Ko-(2→4)-Kdo] disaccharide in the lipopolysaccharide of Burkholderia cepacia. Carbohydr Res 338 (2003) 2659–2666.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaczyński, Z., Braun, S., Lindner, B., Niehaus, K., Holst, O. Investigation of the chemical structure and biological activity of oligosaccharides isolated from rough-type Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris B100 lipopolysaccharides. J Endotoxin Res 13 (2007) 101–108.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Knirel, Y.A., Bystrova, O.V., Kocharova, N.A., Zähringer, U., Pier, G.B. Conserved and variable structural features in the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Endotoxin Res 12 (2006) 324–3036.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kocharova, N.A., Kondakova, A.N., Vinogradov, E., Ovchinnikova, O. Lindner B., Shashkov A.S., Rozalski A., Knirel Y.A., full structure of the carbohydrate chain of the lipopolysaccharide of Providencia rustigianii O34. Chem Eur J 14 (2008b) 6184–6191.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kocharova, N.A., Vinogradov, E., Kondakova, A.N., Shashkov, A.S., Rozalski, A., Knirel, Y.A. The full structure of the carbohydrate chain of the lipopolysaccharide of Providencia alcalifaciens O19. J Carbohydr Chem 27 (2008a) 320–331.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kondakova, A.N., Vinogradov, E., Katzenellenbogen, E., Kocharova, N.A., Lindner, B., Knirel, Y.A. Structural studies on the lipopolysaccharide core of bacteria of the genus Citrobacter: two different core structures in Citrobacter O14 serogroup. J Carbohydr Chem 28 (2009) 298–315.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kondakova, A.N., Vinogradov, E., Lindner, B., Kocharova, N.A., Rozalski, A., Knirel, Y.A. Elucidation of the lipopolysaccharide core structures of bacteria of the genus Providencia. J Carbohydr Chem 25 (2006) 499–520.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kondakova, A.N., Vinogradov, E., Lindner, B., Kocharova, N.A., Rozalski, A., KnireL, Y.A. Mass-spectrometric studies of providencia SR-form lipopolysaccharides and elucidation of the biological repeating unit structure of Providencia rustigianii O14-Polysaccharide. J Carbohydr Chem 26 (2007) 497–512.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leone, S., Izzo, V., Silipo, A., Garozzo, D., Lanzetta, R., Parrilli, M., Molinaro, A., Di Donato, A. A novel type of highly negatively charged lipooligosaccharide from Pseudomonas stutzeri OX1 possessing two 4,6-O-(1-carboxy)-ethylidene residues in the outer core region. Eur J Biochem 271 (2004a) 2691–2704.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leone, S., Izzo, V., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Lanzetta, R., Parrilli, M., Molinaro, A., Di Donato, A. Structure of minor oligosaccharides from the lipopolysaccharide fraction of Pseudomonas stutzeri OX1. Carbohydr Res 339 (2004b) 2657–2665.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leone, S., Molinaro, A., De Castro, C., Baier, A., Nazarenko, E.L., Lanzetta, R., Parrilli, M. Absolute configuration of 8-amino-3,8-dideoxyoct-2-ulosonic acid, the chemical hallmark of lipopolysaccharides of the genus Shewanella. J Nat Prod 70 (2007a) 1624–1627.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leone, S., Molinaro, A., Pessione, E., Mazzoli, R., Giunta, C., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Lanzetta, R., Parrilli, M. Structural elucidation of the core-lipid A backbone from the lipopolysaccharide of Acinetobacter radioresistens S13, an organic solvent tolerating Gram-negative bacterium. Carbohydr Res 341 (2006) 582–590.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leone, S., Silipo, A., Nazarenko, E., Lanzetta, R., Parrilli, M., Molinaro, A. Molecular structure of endotoxins from Gram-negative marine bacteria: an update. Mar Drugs 5(3) (2007b), 85–112.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lerouge, I., Vanderleyden, J. O-antigen structural variation: mechanisms and possible roles in animal/plant–microbe interactions. FEMS Microbiol Rev 26 (2002) 17–47.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liparoti, V., Molinaro, A., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Nazarenko, E.L., Gorshkova, R.P., Ivanova, E.P., Shevcenko, L.S., Lanzetta, R., Parrilli, M. Structural analysis of the deep rough lipopolysaccharide from Gram negative bacterium Alteromonas macleodii ATCC 27126: the first finding of β-Kdo in the inner core of lipopolysaccharides. Eur J Org Chem (2006) 4710–4716.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lukasiewicz, J., Niedziel, T., Jachymek, W., Kenne, L., Lugowski, C. Two Kdo-heptose regions identified in Hafnia alvei 32 lipopolysaccharide: the complete core structure and serological screening of different Hafnia O Serotypes. J Bacteriol 191(2) (2009) 533–544.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lundström, S.L., Li, J., Deadman, M.E., Hood, D.W., Moxon, E.R., Schweda, E.K. Structural analysis of the lipopolysaccharide from nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae strain R2846. Biochemistry 47 (2008) 6025–6038.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lundström, S.L., Twelkmeyer, B., Sagemark, M.K., Li, J., Richards, J.C., Hood, D.W., Moxon, E.R., Schweda, E.K.H. Novel globoside-like oligosaccharide expression patterns in non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae lipopolysaccharide. FEBS J 274 (2007) 4886–4903.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mansson, M., Bauer, S.H., Hood, D.W., Richards, J.C., Moxon, E.R., Schweda, E.K. A new structural type for Haemophilus influenzae lipopolysaccharide. Structural analysis of the lipopolysaccharide from nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae strain 486. Eur J Biochem 268 (2001) 2148–2159.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Masoud, H., Perry, M.B., Brisson, J.R., Uhrin, D., Li, J., Richards, J.C. Structural elucidation of the novel core oligosaccharide from LPS of Burkholderia cepacia serogroup O4. Glycobiology 19(5) May (2009) 462–171.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meredith, T.C., Mamat, U., Kaczynski, Z., Lindner, B., Holst, O., Woodard, R.W. Modification of lipopolysaccharide with colanic acid (M-antigen) repeats in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 282 (2007) 7790–7798.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Molinaro, A., De Castro, C., Lanzetta, R., Evidente, A., Parrilli, M., Holst, O. Lipopolysaccharides possessing two L-glycero-D-manno-heptopyranosyl-alpha-(1-5)-3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid moieties in the core region. The structure of the core region of the lipopolysaccharides from Burkholderia caryophylli. J Biol Chem 277(12) (2002) 10058–10063.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Molinaro, A., Lindner, B., De Castro, C., Nolting, B., Silipo, A., Lanzetta, R., Parrilli, M., Holst, O. The structure of lipid A of the lipopolysacharide from Burkholderia caryophylli with a 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinopyranose 1-phosphate residue exclusively in glycosidic linkage. Chem Eur J 9 (2003) 1542–1548.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Molinaro, A., Silipo, A., De Castro, C., Sturiale, L., Nigro, G., Garozzo, D., Bernardini, M.L., Lanzetta, R., Parrilli, M. Full structural characterization of Shigella flexneri M90T serotype 5 wild-type R-LPS and its ΔgalU mutant: glycine residue location in the inner core of the lipopolysaccharide. Glycobiology 18(3) (2008) 260–269.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olsthoorn, M.M., Petersen, B.O., Duus, J., Haverkamp, J., Thomas-Oates, J.E., Bock, K., Holst, O. The structure of the linkage between the O-specific polysaccharide and the core region of the lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium revisited. Eur J Biochem 267 (2000) 2014–2027.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olsthoorn, M.M., Petersen, O., Schlecht, S., Haverkamp, J., Bock, K., Thomas-Oates, J., Holst, O. Identification of a novel core type in Salmonella lipopolysaccharide. J Biol Chem 273(7) (1998) 3817–3829.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ortega, X., Silipo, A., Saldías, M.S., Bates, C.C., Molinaro, A., Valvano, M.A. Biosynthesis and structure of the Burkholderia cenocepacia K56-2 lipopolysaccharide core oligosaccharide: truncation of the core oligosaccharide leads to increased binding and sensitivity to polymyxin B. J Biol Chem 284(32) (2009) 21738–21751.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pieretti, G., Corsaro, M.M., Lanzetta, R., Parrilli, M., Vilches, S., Merino, S., Tomás, J.M. Structural characterization of the core region of the lipopolysaccharide from the haloalkaliphilic Halomonas pantelleriensis: identification of the biological O-antigen repeating. Unit Eur J Org Chem (2009) 1365–1371.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pieretti, G., Corsaro, M.M., Lanzetta, R., Parrilli, M., Nicolaus, B., Gambacorta, A., Lindner, B., Hols, O. Structural characterization of the core region of the lipopolysaccharide from the haloalkaliphilic Halomonas pantelleriensis: identification of the biological O-antigen repeating unit. Eur J Org Chem (2008) 721–728.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raetz, C.R., Reynolds, C.M., Trent, M.S., Bishop, R.E. Lipid A modification systems in Gram-negative bacteria. Annu Rev Biochem 76 (2007) 295–329.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raetz, C.R., Whitfield, C. Lipopolysaccharide endotoxins. Annu Rev Biochem 71 (2002) 635–700.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robbins, J.B., Kubler-Kielb, J., Vinogradov, E., Mocca, C., Pozsgay, V., Shiloach, J., Schneerson, R. Synthesis, characterization, and immunogenicity in mice of Shigella sonnei O-specific oligosaccharide-core-protein conjugates. PNAS 106 (2009) 7974–7978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schweda, E.K.H., Twelkmeyer, B., Li, J. Profiling structural elements of short-chain lipopolysaccharide of non-typeable Haemophilus influenza. Innate Immun 14 (2008) 199–211.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silipo, A., Leone, S., Lanzetta, R., Parrilli, M., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Nazarenko, E.L., Gorshkova, R.P., Ivanova, E.P., Gorshkova, N.M., Molinaro, A. The complete structure of the lipooligosaccharide from the halophilic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas issachenkonii KMM 3549T. Carbohydr Res 339 (2004a) 1985–1993.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silipo, A., Leone, S., Molinaro, A., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Nazarenko, E.L., Gorshkova, R.P., Ivanova, E.P., Lanzetta, R., Parrilli, M. Complete structural elucidation of the novel lipooligosaccharide from the outer membrane of marine bacterium Shewanella pacifica. Eur J Org Chem 11 (2005b) 2281–2291.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silipo, A., Molinaro, A., Comegna, D., Sturiale, L., Cescutti, P., Garozzo, D., Lanzetta, R., Newman, M.A., Parrilli, M. Full structural characterization of the lipooligosaccharide of a Burkholderia pyrrocina clinical isolate. Eur J Org Chem 21 (2006) 4874–4883.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silipo, A., Molinaro, A., Ieranò, T., De Soyza, A., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Aldridge, C., Corris, P.A., Anjam Khan, C.M., Lanzetta, R., Parrilli, M. The complete structure and pro-inflammatory activity of the lipooligosaccharide of the highly epidemic and virulent Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia cenocepacia ET-12 (strain J2315). Chem Eur J 13(12) (2007) 3501–3511.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silipo, A., Molinaro, A., Sturiale, L., Dow, J.M., Erbs, G., Lanzetta, R., Newman, M.A., Parrilli, M. The elicitation of plant innate immunity by lipooligosaccharide of Xanthomonas campestris. J Biol Chem 280 (2005a) 33660–33668.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silipo, A., Lanzetta, R., Parrilli, M., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Nazarenko, E.L., Gorshkova, R.P., Ivanova, E.P., Molinaro, A. The complete structure of the core carbohydrate backbone from the LPS of marine halophilic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora type strain IAM 12662T. Carbohydr Res 340(8) (2005b) 1475–1482.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silipo, A., Molinaro, A., Nazarenko, E.L., Sturiale, L., Garozzo, D., Gorshkova, R.P., Nedashkovskaya, O.I., Lanzetta, R., Parrilli, M. Structural characterization of the carbohydrate backbone of the lipooligosaccharide of the marine bacterium Arenibacter certesii strain KMM 3941(T). Carbohydr Res 2005c, 340, 2540–2549.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • St. Michael, F., Li, J., Cox, A.D. Structural analysis of the core oligosaccharide of Pasteurella multocida strain X73. Carbohydr Res 340 (2005a) 1253–1257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • St. Michael, F., Li, J., Vinogradov, E., Larocque, S., Harper, M., Cox, A.D. Structural analysis of the lipooligosaccharide of Pasteurella multocida strain VP161: identification of both Kdo-P and Kdo-Kdo species in the lipopolysaccharide. Carbohydr Res 340 (2005b) 59–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • St. Michael, F., Vinogradov, E., Li, J., Cox, A.D. Structural analysis of the lipopolysaccharide of Pasteurella multocida strain Pm70 and identification of the putative lipopolysaccharide glycosyltransferases. Glycobiology 15 (2005c) 323–333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vinogradov, E., Bock, K. The structure of the core part of Proteus mirabilis O27 lipopolysaccharide with a new type of glycosydic linkage. Carbohydr Res 319 (1999) 92–101.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vinogradov, E., Korenevsky, A., Beveridge, T.J. The structure of the core region of the lipopolysaccharide from Shewanella algae BrY, containing 8-amino-3,8-dideoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid. Carbohydr Res 339 (2004) 737–740.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vinogradov, E., Korenevsky, A., Beveridge, T.J. The structure of the rough-type lipooligosaccharide from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, containing 8-amino-8-deoxy-Kdo and an open-chain form of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose. Carbohydr Res 338 (2003) 1991–1997.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vinogradov, E., Wilde, C., Anderson, E.M., Nakhamchik, A., Lam, J.S. Rowe-Magnus D.A., Structure of the lipopolysaccharide core of Vibrio vulnificus type strain 27562. Carbohydr Res 344 (2009) 484–490.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vinogradov, E.V., Duus, J., Brade, H., Holst, O. The structure of the carbohydrate backbone of the Lipopolysaccharide from Acinetobacter baumannii strain ATCC 19606. Eur J Biochem 269 (2002a) 422–430.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vinogradov, E.V., Lindner, B., Kocharova, N.A., Senchenkova, S.N., Shashkov, A.S., Knirel, Y.A., Holst, O., Gremyakova, T.A., Shaikhutdinova, R.Z., Anisimov, A.P. The core structure of the lipopolysaccharide from the causative agent of plague, Yersinia pestis. Carbohydr Res 337 (2002b) 775–777.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vinogradov, E.V., Lindner, B., Seltmann, G., Radziejewska-Lebrecht, J., Holst, O. Lipopolysaccharides from Serratia marcescens possess one or two 4-amino-4-deoxy-L- arabinopyranose 1-phosphate residues in the lipid A and D-glycero-D-talo-Oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid in the inner core region. Chem Eur J 12 (2006) 6692–6700.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vinogradov, E.V., Petersen, B.O., Thomas-Oates, J.E., Duus, J., Brade, H., Holst, O. Characterization of a novel branched tetrasaccharide of 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid. The structure of the carbohydrate backbone of the lipopolysaccharide from Acinetobacter baumannii strain NCTC 10303 (ATCC 17904). J Biol Chem 273 (1997a) 28122–28131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vinogradov, E.V., Müller-Loennies, S., Petersen, B.O., Meshkov, S., Thomas-Oates, J.E., Holst, O., Brade, H. Structural investigation of the lipopolysaccharide from Acinetobacter haemolyticus strain NCTC 10305 (ATCC 17906, DNA group 4). Eur J Bacteriol (1997b), 247, 82–90.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whitfield, C. Biosynthesis and assembly of capsular polysaccharides in Escherichia coli. Annu Rev Biochem 75 (2006) 39–68.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zdorovenko, E.L., Vinogradov, E., Wydra, K., Lindner, B., Knirel, Y.A. Structure of the oligosaccharide chain of the SR-type lipopolysaccharide of Ralstonia solanacearum Toudk-2. Biomacromolecules 9 (2008) 2215–2220.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Authors wish to thank Prof. M. Parrilli, Prof. R. Lanzetta and Prof. O. Holst for the useful discussions and help through these years.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Santangelo, Via Cintia 4, Napoli, I-80126, Italy

    Alba Silipo & Antonio Molinaro

Authors
  1. Alba Silipo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Antonio Molinaro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Antonio Molinaro .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Biochemistry, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China, People's Republic

    Xiaoyuan Wang

  2. European Southern Observatory (ESO), Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, Garching, 85748, Germany

    Peter J. Quinn

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Silipo, A., Molinaro, A. (2010). The Diversity of the Core Oligosaccharide in Lipopolysaccharides. In: Wang, X., Quinn, P. (eds) Endotoxins: Structure, Function and Recognition. Subcellular Biochemistry, vol 53. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9078-2_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation