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Seismic Anisotropy

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Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics

Part of the book series: Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series ((EESS))

Definition

Seismic anisotropy refers to the directional dependence of seismic wave speeds and particle motion polarizations, as well as the splitting of normal modes, as caused by the elastic properties of rocks.

Introduction

Many of the minerals that make up Earth are intrinsically anisotropic. When rocks are progressively deformed over geologic timescales, the alignment of mineral grains (lattice-preferred orientation, LPO) can lead to bulk anisotropy of the rock. Bulk anisotropy can additionally be generated by an ordered assembly of individually isotropic materials of different wave speeds (shape-preferred orientation, SPO). Both types of anisotropy are found within the Earth; SPO anisotropy also highlights a fundamental ambiguity between isotropic heterogeneity and anisotropy. Seismic wave propagation through an anisotropic medium depends on the wavelengths over which a particular wave type averages, complicating the analysis of seismological data. Both LPO and SPO imply...

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Acknowledgments

Detailed comments by Donna Blackman, Mark Behn, and Sergei Lebedev and valuable suggestions from Lapo Boschi, Sebastien Chevrot, David Okaya, Mark Panning, Vera Schulte-Pelkum, and an anonymous reviewer helped improve this contribution.

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  1. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, 3651 Trousdale Pkwy, MC0740, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0740, USA

    Thorsten W. Becker

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  1. National Geophysical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Hyderabad, India

    Harsh K. Gupta

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Becker, T.W. (2011). Seismic Anisotropy. In: Gupta, H.K. (eds) Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8702-7_51

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