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Elucidation and Control of the Mechanisms Underlying Chronic Inflammation Mediated by Invariant Natural Killer T Cells

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Chronic Inflammation

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Abstract

Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a subpopulation of T lymphocytes with unique specificities against (glyco)lipids presented in the context of CD1d belonging to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ib. They recognise microbially encoded or synthetic glycolipids directly through their CD1d-restricted T-cell receptors (TCRs) other than microbial components or lipids including pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and bacterial superantigens. Once activated, iNKT cells participate as early effectors and/or regulators of immune responses. Immunoregulatory cytokines produced in copious amounts by these cells target a wide range of downstream effector cells and help shape the ensuing immune responses. Mammals comprise various numbers and isoforms of CD1 molecules, suggesting that (glyco)lipid presentation is a rapidly evolving component of the immune system, which adapts to environmental threats. Recent progress in our understanding of CD1d-restricted iNKT cells contributes to their true potentials in immunotherapeutic applications for various diseases. Recent findings about iNKT cell subtypes (iNKT1, 2, 17, 10) and their roles in pathological inflammation are also introduced and discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Stem Cell Cellomics, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Hiroshi Watarai

  2. PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan

    Hiroshi Watarai

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  1. Hiroshi Watarai
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Correspondence to Hiroshi Watarai .

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  1. Interdisciplinary Program for Biomedical Sciences Institute for Academic Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan

    Masayuki Miyasaka

  2. Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan

    Kiyoshi Takatsu

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Watarai, H. (2016). Elucidation and Control of the Mechanisms Underlying Chronic Inflammation Mediated by Invariant Natural Killer T Cells. In: Miyasaka, M., Takatsu, K. (eds) Chronic Inflammation. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56068-5_27

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