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Parasites and their vectors pp 205–232Cite as

Soil-Transmitted Helminths: The Neglected Parasites

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Abstract

Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are still considered to be the most prevalent infections of humankind. STH, traditionally endemic in rural areas, are increasingly becoming a public health concern in urban slums of cities in tropical and subtropical developing countries in Southeast Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and Central and South America. These helminths, Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm (Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus), Trichuris trichiura and Strongyloides stercoralis, can live in silence as chronic infections with prominent morbidity amongst children and mothers of childbearing age. The main impact of STH infections is their associations with malnutrition, vitamin A deficiency (VAD), iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA), intellectual retardation and cognitive and educational deficits. The devastating consequences of these helminths during childhood may continue into adulthood with effects on the economic productivity which trap the communities at risk of infections in a cycle of poverty, underdevelopment and disease. Hence, the WHO regarded the control of STH amongst the top five health priorities within the global massive effort to eradicate poverty. Moreover, controlling STH infections has significant positive impacts on the nutritional status and educational performance of the vulnerable children in endemic communities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi, Yvonne A. L. Lim & Romano Ngui

  2. Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Norhayati Moktar

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  1. Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi
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  2. Yvonne A. L. Lim
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  3. Norhayati Moktar
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  4. Romano Ngui
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Correspondence to Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi or Yvonne A. L. Lim .

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  1. Department of Parasitology, University of Malaya Faculty of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Yvonne Ai Lian Lim

  2. Department of Parasitology, University of Malaya Faculty of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Indra Vythilingam

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Al-Mekhlafi, H.M., Lim, Y.A.L., Moktar, N., Ngui, R. (2013). Soil-Transmitted Helminths: The Neglected Parasites. In: Lim, Y., Vythilingam, I. (eds) Parasites and their vectors. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1553-4_11

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