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Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik, Psychotherapie pp 843–887Cite as

Elektrokonvulsionstherapie, Hirnstimulationsverfahren

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Part of the book series: Springer Reference Medizin ((SRM))

Zusammenfassung

Die Elektrokonvulsionstherapie (EKT) ist ein nichtpharmakologisches biologisches Behandlungsverfahren, dessen Wirksamkeit bei depressiven Störungsbildern, aber auch bei Schizophrenie gut belegt werden konnte. In den letzten Jahrzehnten wurden viele weitere Methoden zur elektrischen bzw. elektromagnetischen Stimulation des Gehirns entwickelt und diese als therapeutische Optionen in Betracht gezogen. All diese Verfahren folgen dem gemeinsamen Ansatz, dass krankheitsbedingte neuronale Veränderungen durch eine gezielte Modulation spezifischer Gehirnregionen bzw. neuronaler Netzwerke normalisiert werden können und dies in einer Verbesserung der klinischen Symptomatik Niederschlag finden sollte. Dabei lassen sich die Gehirnstimulationsverfahren unterscheiden in invasive Verfahren wie zum Beispiel die tiefe Hirnstimulation und nichtinvasive Verfahren wie zum Beispiel die transkranielle Elektro- oder Magnetstimulation. Im Gegensatz zu den bisher genannten Verfahren erfolgt bei Neurofeedback keine Stimulation von außen, sondern dem Patienten werden stattdessen Informationen über seine Gehirnaktivität meist visuell und akustisch zurückgemeldet und erlauben so ein gezieltes Training der neuronalen Aktivität spezifischer Gehirnareale. Für die rTMS wurde eine antidepressive Wirksamkeit wiederholt in kontrollierten Studien und Metaanalysen nachgewiesen, wobei die Effektstärke bei der Behandlung therapieresistenter depressiver Patienten geringer als bei der EKT ist. Für andere Indikationen und die anderen Verfahren liegen z. T. vielversprechende Ergebnisse vor, die eine Weiterentwicklung und Erforschung unterstützen

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 84, 93053, Regensburg, Deutschland

    Peter M. Kreuzer, Somayeh Jooyandeh & Berthold Langguth

  2. Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich

    Georg S. Kranz

  3. Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, AG Psychotherapieforschung, Universität München, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336, München, Deutschland

    Frank Padberg

  4. Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich

    Siegfried Kasper

  5. Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 84, 93053, Regensburg, Deutschland

    Thomas C. Baghai

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  1. Peter M. Kreuzer
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  4. Georg S. Kranz
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  6. Siegfried Kasper
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  7. Thomas C. Baghai
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Correspondence to Peter M. Kreuzer .

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  1. em. Direktor der Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, München, Germany

    Hans-Jürgen Möller

  2. Ehem. Ärztlicher Direktor des kbo-Inn-Salzach-Klinikums für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Neurologie, Akadem. Lehrkrankenhaus der LMU München Institut für Psychologische Medizin (IPM), Soyen, Germany

    Gerd Laux

  3. Vorstand der Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapeutische Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Austria

    Hans-Peter Kapfhammer

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Kreuzer, P.M. et al. (2017). Elektrokonvulsionstherapie, Hirnstimulationsverfahren. In: Möller, HJ., Laux, G., Kapfhammer, HP. (eds) Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik, Psychotherapie. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49295-6_32

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