Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Antidepressiva

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Neuro-/Psychopharmaka im Kindes- und Jugendalter

Zusammenfassung

„Antidepressiva“ umfassen eine heterogene Klasse von Neuro-/Psychopharmaka, die ursprünglich vorwiegend bei Patienten mit depressiven Symptomen eingesetzt wurden, heute aber eine weit über die depressive Störung hinausgehende therapeutische Anwendung finden. In diesem Kapitel werden die Antidepressiva aufgrund ihrer primären Wirkung auf molekulare Zielstrukturen in Monoamin-Wiederaufnahmehemmer, Monoamin-Oxidase-Hemmer, α2-Adrenozeptor-Antagonisten und atypische Antidepressiva mit multiplen pharmakologischen Wirkungen eingeteilt. Eine unter klinisch-therapeutischen Gesichtspunkten relevante Klassifikation ist die Einteilung in Substanzen mit vorhandener bzw. nicht vorhandener sedativ-hypnotischer Wirkung. In diesem Kapitel werden die Wirkmechanismen der Antidepressiva, die in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie eingesetzt werden, besprochen und schwerpunktmäßig diejenigen pharmakologischen Aspekte von Antidepressiva dargestellt, die für klinisch tätige ärztliche Kollegen für den therapeutischen Einsatz dieser Substanzen relevant sind. Dabei wird u. a. auf Anwendungsgebiete, die klinische Wirksamkeit und Studienlage eingegangen. Es werden Dosierungsempfehlungen gegeben und mögliche unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen und -wechselwirkungen behandelt. Das Kapitel schließt mit Empfehlungen zur Behandlungsdauer sowie zu notwendigen Kontrolluntersuchungen im Rahmen der Pharmakotherapie mit Antidepressiva.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Literatur

Weiterführende Literatur

  • Brunton L, Chabner BA, Knollmann BC (2011) Goodman & Gilman‘s the pharmacological basis of therapeutics, 12. Aufl. McGraw-Hill Medical, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Holsboer-Trachsler E, Holsboer F (2012) Antidepressiva. In: Gründer G, Benkert O (Hrsg) Handbuch der psychiatrischen Pharmakotherapie, 2. Aufl. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, S 589–657

    Google Scholar 

Zitierte Literatur

  • Alderman J, Wolkow R, Fogel IM (2006) Drug concentration monitoring with tolerability and efficacy assessments during open-label, long-term sertraline treatment of children and adolescents. J Child Adol Psychop 16:117–129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ambrosini PJ (2000) A review of pharmacotherapy of major depression in children and adolescents. Psychiat Serv 51:627–633

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson JW, Greenway FL, Fujioka K, Gadde KM, McKenney J, O’Neil PM (2002) Bupropion SR enhances weight loss: a 48-week double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Obes 10:633–641

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Apter A, Lipschitz A, Fong R et al (2006) Evaluation of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in children and adolescents taking paroxetine. J Child Adol Psychop 16:77–90

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arabgol F, Panaghi L, Hebrani P (2009) Reboxetine versus methylphenidate in treatment of children and adolescents with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psy 18:53–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Asbahr FR, Castillo AR, Ito LM, Latorre MR, Moreira MN, Lotufo-Neto F (2005) Group cognitive-behavioral therapy versus sertraline for the treatment of children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Am Acad Child Psy 44:1128–1136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Attia E, Haiman C, Walsh BT, Flater SR (1998) Does fluoxetine augment the inpatient treatment of anorexia nervosa? Am J Psychiatry 155:548–551

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson SD, Prakash A, Zhang Q, Pangallo BA, Bangs ME, Emslie GJ, March JS (2014) A double-blind efficacy and safety study of duloxetine flexible dosing in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 24:180–189

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Avci A, Diler RS, Kibar M, Sezgin F (1999) Comparison of moclobemide and placebo in young adolescents with major depressive disorder. Ann Med Sci 8:31–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Bacaltchuk J, Hay P, Mari JJ (2000) Antidepressants versus placebo for the treatment of bulimia nervosa: a systematic review. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 34:310–317

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bandelow B, Bleich S, Kropp S (Hrsg) (2011) Handbuch Psychopharmaka, 3. Aufl. Hogrefe, Göttingen

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrickman LL, Perry PJ, Allen AJ, Kuperman S, Arndt SV, Hermann KJ, Schumacher E (1995) Bupropion versus methylphenidate in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Ps 34:649–657

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bech (2001) Meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials with mirtazapine using the core items of the Hamilton Depression Scale as evidence of a pure antidepressive effect in the short-term treatment of major depression. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 4:337–345

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bezchlibnyk-Butler KZ, Virani AS (Hrsg) (2007) Clinical handbook of psychotropic drugs for children and adolescents, 2. Aufl. Hogrefe & Huber, Seattle

    Google Scholar 

  • Biedermann J, Herzog DB, Rivinus TM (1985) Amitriptyline in the treatment of anorexia nervosa: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 5:10–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birmaher B, Waterman GS, Ryan N, Cully M, Balach L, Ingram J, Brodsky M (1994) Fluoxetine for childhood anxiety disorders. J Am Acad Child Psy 33:993–999

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Birmaher B, Waterman GS, Ryan ND et al (1998) Randomized, controlled trial of amitriptyline versus placebo for adolescents with „treatment-resistant‟ major depression. J Am Acad Child Psy 37:527–535

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Birmaher B, Axelson DA, Monk K et al (2003) Fluoxetine for the treatment of childhood anxiety disorders. J Am Acad Child Psy 42:415–423

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Black B, Uhde TW (1994) Treatment of elective mutism with fluoxetine: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 33:1000–1006

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blazquez A, Mas S, Plana MT, Lafuente A, Lázaro L (2012) Fluoxetine pharmacogenetics in child and adult populations. Eur Child Adolesc Psy 21:599–610

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bloch MH, McGuire J, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Leckman JF, Pittenger C (2010) Meta-analysis of the dose-response relationship of SSRI in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Mol Psychiatry 15:850–855

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Boulos C, Kutcher S, Marton P, Simeon J, Ferguson B, Roberts N (1991) Response to desipramine treatment in adolescent major depression. Psychopharmacol Bull 27:59–65

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Braconnier A, Coent RL, Cohen D (2003) Paroxetine versus clomopramine in adolescents with severe major depression: a double-blind randomized, multicenter trial. J Child Am Child Psy 42:22–29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brent D, Emslie G, Clarke G et al (2008) Switching to another SSRI or to venlafaxine with or without cognitive behavioral therapy for adolescents with SSRI-resistant depression: the TORDIA randomized controlled trial. JAMA-J Am Ned Assoc 299:901–913

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bridge JA, Jyengar S, Salary CB et al (2007) Clinical response and risk for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in pediatric antidepressant treatment. JAMA-J Am Ned Assoc 297:1683–1696

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Briggs GG, Ambrose PJ, Ilett KF, Hackett LP, Nageotte MP, Padilla G (2009) Use of duloxetine in pregnancy and lactation. Ann Pharmacother 43:1898–1902

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carlson JS, Kratochwill TR, Johnston HF (1999) Sertraline treatment of 5 children diagnosed with selective mutism: a single-case research trial. J Child Adol Psychoph 9:293–306

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chermá MDD, Ahlner J, Bengtsson F, Gustafsson PA (2011) Antidepressant drugs in children and adolescents: analytical and demographic data in a naturalistic, clinical study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 31:98–102

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cipriani A, Kosters M, Furukawa TA et al (2012) Duloxetine versus other anti-depressive agents for depression. Cochrane DB Syst Rev 10:CD006533

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen D, Gerardin P, Mazet P, Purper-Ouakil D, Flament MF (2004) Pharmacological treatment of adolescent major depression. J Child Adolesc Psychopharm 14:19–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen JA, Mannarino AP, Perel JM, Staron V (2007) A pilot randomized controlled trial of combined trauma-focused CBT and sertraline for childhood PTSD symptoms. J Am Acad Child Psy 46:811–819

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen-Yavin I, Yoran-Hegesh R, Strous RD, Kotler M, Weizman A, Spivak B (2009) Efficacy of reboxetine in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in boys with intolerance to methylphenidate: an open-label, 8-week, methylphenidate-controlled trial. Clin Neuropharmacol 32:179–182

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cook EH, Wagner KD, March JS, Biedermann J, Landau P, Wolkow R, Messig M (2001) Long-term sertraline treatment of children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Am Acad Child Psy 40:1174–1181

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cryan JF, Bruijnzeel AW, Skjei KL, Markou A (2003) Bupropion enhances brain reward function and reverses the affective and somatic aspects of nicotine withdrawal in the rat. Psychopharmacology 168:347–358

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Daviss WB, Bentivoglio P, Racusin R, Brown KM, Bostic JQ, Wiley L (2001) Bupropion sustained release in adolescents with comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and depression. J Am Acad Child Psy 40:307–314

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Jonghe F, Ravelli DP, Tuynman-Qua H (1991) A randomized, double-blind study of fluoxetine and maprotiline in the treatment of major depression. Pharmacopsychiatry 24:62–67

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, DGKJP (2013) Behandlung von depressiven Störungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen, Evidenz- und konsensusbasierte Leitlinie (S3), AWMF-Registernummer 028-043. http://www.awmf.org/leitlinien/detail/ll/028-043.html. Zugegriffen: 28. Sept. 2015

    Google Scholar 

  • DeVeaugh-Geiss J, Moroz G et al (1992) Clomipramine hydrochloride in childhood and adolescent obsessive-compulsive disorder – a multicenter trial. J Am Acad Child Psy 31:45–49

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Donnelly CL, Wagner KD, Rynn M, Ambrosini P, Landau P, Yang R, Wohlberg CJ (2006) Sertraline in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder. J Am Acad Child Psy 45:1162–1170

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dugas M, Mouren MC, Halfon O, Moron P (1985) Treatment of childhood and adolescent depression with mianserin. Acta Psychiat Scand 320:48–53

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edwarts JG, Anderson I (1999) Systematic review and guide to selection of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Drugs 57:507–533

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emslie GJ, Rush AJ, Weinberg WA, Kowatch RA, Hughes CW, Carmody T, Rintelmann J (1997) A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine in children and adolescents with depression. Ach Gen Psychiat 54:1031–1037

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Emslie GJ, Heiligenstein JH, Wagner KD et al (2002) Fluoxetine for acute treatment of depression in children and adolescents: a placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. J Am Acad Child Psy 41:1205–1215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emslie GJ, Wagner KD, Kutcher S et al (2006) Paroxetine treatment in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Acad Child Psy 45:709–719

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emslie GJ, Yeung PP, Kunz NR (2007a) Long-term, open-label venlafaxine extended-release treatment in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder. CNS Spectrums 12:223–233

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Emslie GJ, Findling RL, Yeung PP, Kunz NR, Li Y (2007b) Venlafaxine ER for the treatment of pediatric subjects with depression: results of two placebo-controlled trials. J Am Acad Child Psy 46:479–488

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emslie GJ, Kennard BD, Mayes TL et al (2008) Fluoxetine versus placebo in preventing relapse of major depression in children and adolescents. Am J Psychiat 165:459–467

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Emslie GJ, Ventura D, Korotzer A, Tourkodimitris S (2009) Escitalopram in the treatment of adolescent depression: a randomized placebo-controlled multisite trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 48:721–729

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Emslie GJ, Prakash A, Zhang Q, Pangallo BA, Bangs ME, March JS (2014) A double-blind efficacy and safety study of duloxetine fixed doses in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 24:170–179

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Entsuah AR, Huang H, Thase ME (2001) Response and remission rates in different subpopulations with major depressive disorder administered venlafaxine, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or placebo. J Clin Psychiat 62:869–877

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fava GA, Bernardi M, Tomba E, Rafanelli C (2007) Effects of gradual discontinuation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in panic disorder with agoraphobia. Int J Neuropsychop 10:835–838

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson CP, La Via MC, Crossan PJ, Kaye WH (1999) Are serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors effective in underweight anorexia nervosa? Int J Eat Disord 25:11–17

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Figueroa R (2010) Use of antidepressants during pregnancy and risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the offspring. J Dev Behav Pediatr 31:641–618

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Findling RL, McNamara NK, O’Riordan MA, Reed MDD, Demeter CA, Branicky LA, Blumer JL (2003) An open-label pilot study of St. John‘s wort in juvenile depression. J Am Acad Child Psy 42:908–914

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flament MF, Rapoport JL, Berg CJ, Sceery W, Kilts C, Mellström B, Linnoila M (1985) Clomipramine treatment of childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder. A double-blind controlled study. Arch Gen Psychiat 42:977–983

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fluoxetine Bulimia Nervosa Collaborative Study Group (1992) Fluoxetine in the treatment of bulimia nervosa: a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49:139–147

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geller B, Cooper TB, McCombs HG, Graham D, Wells J (1989) Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of nortriptyline in depressed children using a „fixed plasma level‟ design. Psychopharmacol Bull 25:101–108

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Geller B, Cooper TB, Graham DL, Marsteller FA, Bryant DM (1990) Double-blind placebo-controlled study of nortriptyline in depressed adolescents using a „fixed plasma level‟ design. Psychopharmacol Bull 26:85–90

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Geller B, Cooper TB, Graham DL, Fetner HH, Marsteller FA, Wells JM (1992) Pharmacokinetically designed double-blind placebo-controlled study of nortriptyline in 6- to 12-year-olds with major depressive disorder. J Am Acad Child Psy 31:34–44

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geller DA, Hoog SL, Heiligenstein JH, Ricardi RK, Tamura R, Kluszynski S, Jacobson JG, Fluoxetine Pediatric OCD Study Team (2001) Fluoxetine treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents: a placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Am Acad Child Psy 40:773–779

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geller DA, Biedermann J, Stewart SE, Mullin B, Martin A, Spencer T, Faraone SV (2003) A meta-analysis of pharmacotherapy trials in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiat 160:1919–1928

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Geller DA, Wagner KD, Emslie G et al (2004) Paroxetine treatment in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Acad Child Psy 43:1387–1396

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gentile S (2011) Efficacy of antidepressant medications in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a systematic appraisal. J Clin Psychopharm 31:625–632

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghanizadeh A, Freeman RD, Berk M (2013) Efficacy and adverse effects of venlafaxine in children and adolescents with ADHD: a systematic review of non-controlled and controlled trials. Rev Recent Clin Trials 8:2–8

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gibbons RD, Hur K, Bhaumik DK, Mann JJ (2006) The relationship between antidepressant prescription rates and rate of early adolescent suicide. Am J Psychiat 163:1898–1904

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gibbons RD, Brown CH, Hur K, Davis J, Mann JJ (2012) Suicidal thoughts and behavior with antidepressant treatment: Reanalysis of the randomized placebo-controlled studies of fluoxetine and venlafaxine. Arch Gen Psychiat 69:580–587

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Glazener CM, Evans JH, Peto RE (2003) Tricyclic and related drugs for nocturnal enuresis in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3:CD002117

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Golubchik P, Sever J, Weizman A (2013) Reboxetine treatment for autistic spectrum disorder of pediatric patients with depressive and inattentive/hyperactive symptoms: an open-label trial. Clin Neuropharmacol 36:37–41

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goodyer IM, Dubicka B, Wilkinson P et al (2008) A randomised controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy in adolescents with major depression treated by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The ADAPT trial. Health Technol Assess 12:1–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haapasalo-Pesu KM, Vuola T, Lahelma L, Marttunen M (2004) Mirtazapine in the treatment of adolescents with major depression: an open-label, multicenter pilot study. J Child Adol Psychop 14:175–184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Halmi KA, Eckert ED, LaDu TJ, Cohen J (1986) Anorexia nervosa: treatment efficacy of cyproheptadine and amitriptyline. Arch Gen Psychiatry 43:177–181

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haddad P (1998) The SSRI discontinuation syndrome. J Psychopharmacol 12:305–313

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hammad TA, Laughren T, Racoosin J (2006) Suicidality in pediatric patients treated with antidepressant drugs. Arch Gen Psychiat 63:332–339

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hay PJ, Claudino AM (2012) Clinical psychopharmacology of eating disorders: a research update. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 15:209–222

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hazell P (2009) Depression in children and adolescents. Clin Evid 1:1008

    Google Scholar 

  • Hazell P, O’Connell D, Heathcote D, Robertson J, Henry D (1995) Efficacy of tricyclic drugs in treating child and adolescent depression: a meta-analysis. Brit Med J 310:897–901

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hazell P, O’Connell D, Heathcote D, Henry D (2002) Tricyclic drugs for depression in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2:CD002317

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hegerl U, Hensch T (2014) The vigilance regulation model of affective disorders and ADHD. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 44:45–57

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heiser P, Remschmidt H (2002) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and newer antidepressive substances in child and adolescent psychiatry. Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother 30:173–183

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Henry JA, Alexander CA, Sener EK (1995) Relative mortality from overdose of antidepressants. Br Med J 310:221–224

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henry A, Kisicki MDD, Varley C (2012) Efficacy and safety of antidepressant drug treatment in children and adolescents. Mol Psychiatr 17:1186–1193

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hepgul N, Cattaneo A, Zunszain PA, Pariante CM (2013) Depression pathogenesis and treatment: what can we learn from blood mRNA expression? BMC Med 11 (Article numer 28)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hetrick S, Merry S, McKenzie J, Sindahl P, Proctor M (2007) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for depressive disorders in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3:CD004851

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hetrick SE, McKenzie JE, Cox GR, Simmons MB, Merry SN (2012) Newer generation antidepressants for depressive disorders in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 11:CD004851 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004851.pub3

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hewett K, Chrzanowski W, Schmitz M et al (2009) Eight-week, placebo-controlled, double-blind comparison of the antidepressant efficacy and tolerability of bupropion XR and venlafaxine XR. J Psychopharmacol 23:531–538

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hiemke C (2009) Pharmakologie von Agomelatonin. Psychopharmakotherapie 16(Suppl 19):2–5

    Google Scholar 

  • Hiemke C, Härtter S (2000) Pharmakokinetics of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Pharmacol Ther 85:11–28

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hiemke C, Baumann P, Bergemann N (2011) AGNP consensus guidelines for therapeutic drug monitoring in psychiatry – update 2011. Pharmacopsychiatry 44:195–235 (The TDM group of the AGNP)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hirschtritt ME, Pagano ME, Christian KM et al (2012) Moderators of fluoxetine treatment response for children and adolescents with comorbid depression and substance use disorders. J Subst Abuse Treat 42:366–372

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hollander E, Phillips A, Chaplin W, Zagursky K, Novotny S, Wasserman S, Iyengar R (2005) A placebo-controlled crossover trial of liquid fluoxetine on repetitive behaviors in childhood and adolescent autism. Neuropsychopharmacology 30:582–589

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hollander E, Soorya L, Chaplin W et al (2012) A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine for repetitive behaviors and global severity in adult autism spectrum disorders. Am J Psychiatry 169:292–299

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holsboer-Trachsler E, Holsboer F (2012) Antidepressiva. In: Gründer G, Benkert O (Hrsg) Handbuch der psychiatrischen Pharmakotherapie, 2. Aufl. Springer, Berlin, S 589–628

    Google Scholar 

  • Holtkamp K, Konrad K, Kaiser N, Ploenes Y, Heussen N, Grzella I, Herpertz-Dahlmann B (2005) A retrospective study of SSRI treatment in adolescent anorexia nervosa: insufficient evidence for efficacy. J Psychiatr Res 39:303–310

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holtmann M, Bölte S, Poustka F (2006) Suicidality in depressive children and adolescents during treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Review and meta-analysis of the available randomised, placebo controlled trials). Nervenarzt 77:1332–1337

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hori H, Yoshimura R, Ueda N et al (2003) Grapefruit juice-fluvoxamine interaction – is it risky or not? J Clin Psychopharmacol 23:422–424

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Horst WD, Preskorn SH (1998) Mechanisms of action and clinical characteristics of three atypical antidepressants: venlafaxine, nefazodone, bupropion. J Affect Disord 51:237–254

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hudziak JJ, Rettew DC (2004) Bupropion. In: Schatzberg AF, Nemeroff CB (Hrsg) Textbook of psychopharmacology, 3. Aufl. American Psychiatric Publishing, Washington, S 327–339

    Google Scholar 

  • Isacsson G, Holmgren P, Ahlner J (2005) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants and the risk of suicide: a controlled forensic database study of 14,857 suicides. Acta Psychiatr Scand 111:286–290

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson CW, Cates M, Lorenz R (2010) Pharmacotherapy of eating disorders. Nutr Clin Prac 25:143–159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jafarinia M, Mohammadi MR, Modabbernia A et al (2012) Bupropion versus methyphenidate in the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders: Randomized double-blind study. Hum Psychopharm Clin 27:411–418

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jain AK, Kaplan RA, Gadde KM et al (2002) Bupropion SR vs placebo for weight loss in obese patients with depressive symptoms. Obes Res 10:1049–1056

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaakeh Y, Stumpf JL (2008) Treatment of selective mutism: focus on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Pharmacotherapy 28:214–224

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kashani JH, Shekim WO, Reid JC (1984) Amitriptyline in children with major depressive disorder: a double-blind crossover pilot study. J Am Acad Child Psy 23:348–351

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kasper S, Caraci F, Forti B, Drago F, Aguglia E (2010) Efficacy and tolerability of Hypericum extract for the treatment of mild to moderated depression. Eur Neuropsychopharm 20:747–765

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaye WH, Nagata T, Weltzin TE et al (2001) Double-blind placebo-controlled administration of fluoxetine in restricting- and restricting-purging-type anorexia nervosa. Biol Psychiatry 49:644–652

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Keller MB, Ryan ND, Strober M, Klein RG, Kutcher SP, McCafferty JP (2001) Efficacy of paroxetine in the treatment of adolescent major depression: a randomized, controlled trial. J Child Am Child Psy 40:762–772

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim Y, Myung SK, Jeon YJ et al (2011) Effectiveness of pharmacologic therapy for smoking cessation in adolescents smokers: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Health-Syst Ph 68:219–226

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King BH, Hollander E, Sikich L et al (2009) Lack of efficacy of citalopram in children with autism spectrum disorders and high levels of repetitive behavior: citalopram ineffective in children with autism. Arch Gen Psychiatry 66:583–590

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Klein RG, Mannuzza S, Koplewicz HS, Tancer NK, Shah M, Liang V, Davies M (1998) Adolescent depression: controlled desipramine treatment and atypical features. Depress Anxiety 7:15–31

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kolevzon A, Mathewson KA, Hollander E (2006) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in autism: a review of efficacy and tolerability. J Clin Psychiat 67:407–414

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kotler LA, Devlin MJ, Walsh BT (2002) Eating disorders and related disturbances. In: Kutcher S (Hrsg) Practical child and adolescent psychopharmacology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, S 410–430

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Kutcher S, Boulos C, Ward B et al (1994) Response to desipramine treatment in adolescent depression: a fixed-dose, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Acad Child Psy 33:686–694

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kye CH, Waterman GS, Ryan ND, Birmaher B, Williamson DE, Iyengar S, Dachille S (1996) A randomized, controlled trial of amitriptyline in the acute treatment of of adolescent major depression. J Am Acad Child Psy 35:1139–1144

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee MS, Yang JW, Ko YH et al (2008) Effects of methylphenidate and bupropion on DHEA-S and cortisol plasma levels in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Child Psychiat Hum D(39):201–209

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leonard HL, Swedo SE, Rapoport JL, Koby EV, Lenane MC, Cheslow DL, Hamburger SD (1989) Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder with clomipramine and desipramine in children and adolescents. A double-blind crossover comparison. Arch Gen Psychiat 46:1088–1092

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lesch K-P (2002) Exkurs: Wirkmechanismus antidepressiver Behandlung: Genexpression und synaptische Plastizität. In: Riederer P, Laux G, Pöldinger W (Hrsg) Antidepressiva, Phasenprophylaktika und Stimmungsstabilisierer, 2. Aufl. Neuro-Psychopharmaka. Ein Therapie-Handbuch, Bd. 3. Springer, Wien, S 31–55

    Google Scholar 

  • Liebowitz MR, Turner SM, Piacentini J et al (2002) Fluoxetine in children and adolescents with OCD: a placebo-controlled trial. J Am Acad Child Psy 41:1431–1438

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lingford-Hughes AR, Welch S, Peters L et al (2012) BAP updated guidelines: evidence-based guidelines for the pharmacological management of substance abuse, harmful use, addiction and comorbidity: recommendations from BAP. J Psychopharmacol 26:899–952

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lundmark E, Nevéus T (2009) Reboxetine in therapy-resistant enuresis: a retrospective evaluation. Scand J Urol Nephrol 43:365–368

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mandoki MW, Tapia MR, Tapia MA, Sumner GS, Parker JL (1997) Venlafaxine in the treatment of children and adolescents with major depression. Psychopharmacol Bull 33:149–154

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maneeton N, Srisurapanont M (2000) Tricyclic antidepressants for depressive disorders in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials. J Med Assoc Thai 83:1367–1374

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • March JS, Biederman J, Wolkow R et al (1998) Sertraline in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. JAMA 280:1752–1756

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • March J, Silva S, Petrycki S et al (2004) Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA 292:807–820 (Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS) Team)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • March JS, Klee BJ, Kremer CM (2006) Treatment benefit and the risk of suicidality in multicenter, randomized, controlled trials of sertraline in children and adolescents. J Child Adol Psychop 16:91–102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • March JS, Silva S, Petrycki S et al (2007a) The Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS): long-term effectiveness and safety outcomes. Arch Gen Psychiat 64:1132–1143

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • March JS, Entusah AR, Rynn M, Albano AM, Tourian KA (2007b) A randomized controlled trial of venlafaxine ER versus placebo in pediatric social anxiety disorder. Biol Psychiat 62:1149–1154

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Masi G, Mucci M, Millepiedi S (2001) Separation anxiety disorder in children and adolescents: epidemiology, diagnosis and management. CNS Drugs 15:93–104

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McGrath PJ, Rabkin JG, Stewart JW, Harrison W, Quitkin FM, Markowitz J (1985) Placebo-controlled study of mianserin in depressed outpatients. Neuropsychobiology 14:128–132

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer JH, Wilson AA, Sagrati S et al (2004) Serotonin transporter occupancy of five selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors at different doses. An [11C]DASB positron emission tomography study. Am J Psychiatry 161:826–835

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Minuti E, Gallo V (1982) Use of antidepressants in childhood: results of maprotiline (Ludiomil) treatment in 20 cases. Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol 32:223–227

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell JE, Raymond N, Specke S (1993) A review of the controlled trials of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 14:229–247

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moreira R (2011) The efficacy and tolerability of bupropion in the treatment of major depressive disorder. Clin Drug Invest 31(Suppl 1):5–17

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moreno C, Arango C, Parellada M, Shaffer D, Bird H (2007) Antidepressants in child and adolescent depression: where are the bugs? Acta Psychiatr Scand 115:184–195

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mosholder AD, Willy M (2006) Suicidal adverse events in pediatric randomized, controlled clinical trials of antidepressant drugs are associated with active drug treatment: a meta-analysis. J Child Adol Psychop 16:25–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mozes T, Meiri G, Ben-Amity G, Sabbagh M, Weizman A (2005) Reboxetine as an optional treatment for hyperkinetic conduct disorder: a prospective open-label trial. J Child Adol Psychoph 15:259–269

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mrakotsky C, Masek B, Biederman J, Raches D, Hsin O, Forbes P, de Moor C, DeMaso DR, Gonzalez-Heydrich J (2008) Prospective open-label pilot trial of mirtazapine in children and adolescents with social phobia. J Anxiety Disord 22:88–97

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mueller SC, Majcher-Peszynska J, Mundkowski RG et al (2009) No clinically relevant CYP3A induction after St. John’s wort with low hyperforin content in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 65:81–87

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Müller WE, Möller HJ (2002a) Einteilung nach klinisch-therapeutischen Wirkprofilen, sedierende vs. eher nicht sedierende Antidepressiva. In: Riederer P, Laux G, Pöldinger W (Hrsg) Antidepressiva, Phasenprophylaktika und Stimmungsstabilisierer, 2. Aufl. Neuro-/Psychopharmaka. Ein Therapie-Handbuch, Bd. 3. Springer, Wien, S 94–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Müller WE, Möller HJ (2002b) Antidepressiva. Biochemisch-pharmakologische Wirkungsmechanismen. In: Riederer P, Laux G, Pöldinger W (Hrsg) Antidepressiva, Phasenprophylaktika und Stimmungsstabilisierer, 2. Aufl. Neuro-/Psychopharmaka. Ein Therapie-Handbuch, Bd. 3. Springer, Wien, S 84–87

    Google Scholar 

  • Müller N, Schennach R, Riedel M, Möller H-J (2008) Duloxetine in the treatment of major psychiatric and neuropathic disorders. Expert Rev Neurother 8:527–536

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Namerow L, Thomas P, Bostic JQ, Prince J, Monuteaux MC (2003) Use of citalopram in pervasive developmental disorders. J Dev Behav Pediatr 24:104–108

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2005) Depression in children and young people. Identification and management in primary, community and secondary care. www.nice.org.uk/CG028. Zugegriffen: 28. Sept. 2015

    Google Scholar 

  • Nevéus T (2006) Reboxetine in therapy-resistant enuresis: results and pathogenetic implications. Scand J Urol Nephrol 40:31–34

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Niederhofer H (2012) Agomelatine treatment with adolescents with ADHD. J Atten Disord 16:530–532

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Niederhofer H, Huber M (2004) Bupropion may support psychosocial treatment of nicotine-dependent adolescents: preliminary results. Pharmacotherapy 24:1524–1528

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Northoff G (2013) Gene, brains, and environment-genetic neuroimaging of depression. Curr Opin Neurobiol 23:133–142

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Otasowie J, Castells X, Ehimare UP, Smith CH (2014) Tricyclic antidepressants for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 9:CD006997 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006997.pub2

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Papanikolaou K, Richardson C, Pehlivanidis A, Papadopoulou-Daifoti Z (2006) Efficacy of antidepressants in child and adolescent depression: a meta-analytic study. J Neural Transm 113:399–415

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pathak S, Kratochvil CJ, Rogers GM, Silva S, Vitiello B, Weller EB, March JS (2005) Comparative efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy, fluoxetine, and their combination in depressed adolescents: initial lessons from the treatment for adolescents with depression study. Curr Psychiat Rep 7:429–434

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pediatric OCD Treatment Study (POTS) Team (2004) Cognitive-behavior therapy, sertraline, and their combination for children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Pediatric OCD Treatment Study (POTS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA 292:1969–1976

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Petti TA, Law W (1982) Imipramine treatment of depressed children: a double-blind pilot study. J Clin Psychopharm 2:107–110

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pössel P, Hautzinger M (2006) Effects of pharmaco- and psychotherapeutic interventions in depression among children and adolescents. Z Kinder Jugend Psych 34:243–255

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Posey DJ, Guenin KD, Kohn AE, Swiezy NB, McDougle CJ (2001) A naturalistic open-label study of mirtazapine in autistic and other pervasive developmental disorders. J Child Adol Psychop 11:267–277

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Powers PS, Bruty H (2009) Pharmacotherapy for eating disorders and obesity. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 18:175–187

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prakash A, Lobo E, Kratochvil CJ et al (2012) An open-label safety and pharmacokinetic study of duloxetine in pediatric patients with major depression. J Child Adol Psychop 22:48–55

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Preskorn SH, Weller EB, Hughes CW, Weller RA, Bolte K (1987) Depression in prepubertal children: dexamethasone nonsuppression predicts differential response to imipramine vs. placebo. Psychopharmacol Bull 23:128–133

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prince JB, Wilens TE, Biederman J, Spencer TJ, Millstein R, Polisner DA, Bostic JQ (2000) A controlled study of nortriptyline in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Child Adol Psychop 10:193–204

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Puig-Antich J, Perel JM, Lupatkin W et al (1987) Imipramine in prepubertal major depressive disorders. Arch Gen Psychiat 44:81–89

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Quintero J, López-Muñoz F, Alamo C, Loro M, García-Campos N (2011) Reboxetine for ADHD in children non-responders or with poor tolerance to methylphenidate: a prospective long-term open-label study. Atten Defic Hyperact Disord 2:107–113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ratner S, Laor N, Bronstein Y, Weizman A, Toren P (2005) Six-week open-label reboxetine treatment in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Psy 44:428–433

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riddle MA, Scahill L, King RA et al (1992) Double-blind, crossover trial of fluoxetine and placebo in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Am Acad Child Psy 31:1062–1069

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Riddle MA, Reeve EA, Yaryura-Tobias JA et al (2001) Fluvoxamine for children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized, controlled, multicenter trial. J Am Acad Child Psy 40:222–229

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Riggs, Mikulich-Gilbertson SK, Davies RD, Lohman M, Klein C, Stover SK (2007) A randomized controlled trial of fluoxetine and cognitive behavioral therapy in adolescents with major depression, behavior problems, and substance use disorders. Arch Pediat Adol Med 161:1026–1034

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robb AS, Cueva JE, Sporn J, Yang RY, Vanderburg DG (2010) Sertraline treatment of children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Child Adol Psychop 20:463–471

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roth G, Strüber G (2014) Wie das Gehirn die Seele macht. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Rynn MA, Siqueland L, Rickels K (2001) Placebo-controlled trial of sertraline in the treatment of children with generalized anxiety disorder. Am J Psychiat 158:2008–2014

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rynn M, Wagner KD, Donnelly C, Ambrosini P, Wohlberg CJ, Landau P, Yang R (2006) Long-term sertraline treatment of children and adolescents with major depressive disorder. J Child Adol Psychop 16:103–116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rynn MA, Riddle MA, Yeung PP, Kunz NR (2007) Efficacy and safety of extended-release venlafaxine in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in children and adolescents: two placebo-controlled trials. Am J Psychiat 164:290–300

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sallee FR, Vrindavanam NS, Deas-Nesmith D, Carson SW, Sethuraman G (1997) Pulse intravenous clomipramine for depressed adolescents: double-blind, controlled trial. Am J Psychiat 154:668–673

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sarris J (2013) St. John’s wort for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Psychiat Clin N Am 36:65–72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarris J, Panossian A, Schweitzer I, Stough C, Scholey A (2011) Herbal medicine for depression, anxiety and insomnia: A review of psychopharmacology and clinical evidence. Eur Neuropsychopharm 21:841–860

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schlamp D (1999) Remergil in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie. Psychiatrie Dialog 3:8–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneeweiss S, Patrick AR, Solomon DH, Dormuth CR, Miller M, Mehta J, Lee JC, Wang PS (2010) Comparative safety of antidepressant agents for children and adolescents regarding suicidal acts. Pediatrics 125:876–888

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Segool NK, Carlson JS (2008) Efficacy of cognitive-behavioral and pharmacological treatments for children with social anxiety. Depress Anxiety 25:620–631

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shah R, Uren Z, Baker A, Majeed A (2001) Deaths from antidepressants in England and Wales 1993–1997: analysis of a new national database. Psychol Med 31:1203–1210

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shah AA, Khawaja IS, Aftab A (2015) Are psychotropic drugs safe to use during pregnancy? Psychiatr Ann 45:71–76

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simeon J, Maguire J, Lawrence S (1981) Maprotiline effects in children with enuresis and behavioural disorders. Prog Neuro-Psychoph 5:495–498

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simeon JG, Dinicola VF, Ferguson HB, Copping W (1990) Adolescent depression: a placebo-controlled fluoxetine treatment study and follow-up. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiat 14:791–795

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simeon J, Nixon MK, Milin R, Jovanovic R, Walker S (2005) Open-label pilot study of St. John‘s wort in adolescent depression. J Child Adol Psychop 15:293–301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith D, Dempster C, Glanville J, Freemantle N, Anderson I (2002) Efficacy and tolerability of venlafaxine compared with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and other antidepressants: a meta-analysis. Brit J Psychiat 180:396–404

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spencer T, Biederman J, Coffey B, Geller D, Crawford M, Bearman SK, Tarazi R, Faraone SV (2002) A double-blind comparison of desipramine and placebo in children and adolescents with chronic tic disorder and comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Arch Gen Psychiat 59:649–656

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spindelegger CJ, Papageorgiou K, Grohmann R et al (2015) Cardiovascular adverse reactions during antidepressant treatment: a drug surveillance report of German-speaking countries between 1993 and 2010. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 18:4 doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyu080

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steingard RJ, Zimnitzky B, DeMaso DR, Bauman ML, Bucci JP (1997) Sertraline treatment of transition-associated anxiety and agitation in children with autistic disorder. J Child Adol Psychop 7:9–15

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stoddard FJ Jr, Luthra R, Sorrentino EA et al (2011) A randomized controlled trial of sertraline to prevent posttraumatic stress disorder in burned children. J Child Adol Psychop 21:469–477

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Storosum JG, Elferink AJ, van Zwieten BJ, van den Brink W, Gersons BP, van Strik R, Broekmans AW (2001) Short-term efficacy of tricyclic antidepressants revisited: a meta-analytic study. Eur Neuropsychopharm 11:173–180

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Szegedi A, Wetzel H, Angersbach D, Philipp M, Benkert O (1997) Response to treatment in minor and major depression: results of a double-blind comparative study with paroxetine and maprotiline. J Affect Disord 45:167–178

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tao R, Emslie GJ, Mayes TL, Nakonezny PA, Kennard BD (2010) Symptom improvement and residual symptoms during acute antidepressant treatment in pediatric major depressive disorder. J Child Adol Psychop 20:423–430

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taurines R, Warnke A, Greenhill L, Gerlach M (2014) Antidepressants. In: Gerlach M, Warnke A, Greenhill L (Hrsg) Psychiatric drugs in children and adolescents. Basic pharmacology and practical applications. Springer, Wien, S 83–155

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor D, Sparshatt A, Varma S, Olofinjana O (2014) Antidepressant efficacy of agomelatine: meta-analysis of published and unpublished studies. BMJ 348:g1888

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • TDM-Gruppe der AGNP (2008) Wie wirksam sind Antidepressiva? Zur Bedeutung von Plasmakonzentrations-Wirksamkeitsstudien. Psychopharmakotherapie 15:162–163

    Google Scholar 

  • Tehrani-Doost M, Moallemi S, Shahrivar Z (2008) An open-label trial of reboxetine in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Child Adol Psychop 18:179–184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomé-Souza MS, Kuczynski E, Valente KD (2007) Sertraline and fluoxetine: safe treatments for children and adolescents with epilepsy and depression. Epilepsy Behav 10:417–425

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Toren P, Ratner S, Laor N, Lerer-Amisar D, Weizman A (2005) A possible antienuretic effect of reboxetine in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: case series. Neuropsychobiology 51:239–242

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Toren P, Ratner S, Weizman A, Lask M, Ben-Amitay G, Laor N (2007) Reboxetine maintenance treatment in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a long-term follow-up study. J Child Adol Psychop 17:803–812

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trott GE, Friese HJ, Menzel M, Nissen G (1992) Use of moclobemide in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychopharmacology 106(Suppl 1):134–146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ueda N, Yoshimura R, Umene-Nakano W et al (2009) Grapefruit juice alters plasma sertraline levels after single ingestion of sertraline in healthy volunteers. World J Biol Psychia 10:832–835

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ulloa RE, Nicolini H, Avila M, Fernández-Guasti A (2007) Age onset subtypes of obsessive compulsive disorder: differences in clinical response to treatment with clomipramine. J Child Adol Psychop 17:85–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulrich S, Hiemke C, Laux G et al (2007) Value and actuality of the prescription information for therapeutic drug monitoring of psychopharmaceuticals: A comparison with the medico-scientific evidence. Pharmacopsychiatry 40:121–127 (TDM group of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP))

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Usala T, Clavenna A, Zuddas A, Bonati M (2008) Randomised controlled trials of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in treating depression in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Neuropsychopharm 18:62–73

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van den Anker JN (2010) Developmental pharmacology. Dev Disabil Res Rev 16:233–238

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Versiani M, Amrein R, Stabl M (1997) Moclobemide and imipramine in chronic depression (dysthymia): an international double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. International Collaborative Study Group. Int Clin Psychopharm 12:183–193

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volz H-P (2012) Tianeptin – ein Antidepressivum mit „untypischem“ Wirkungsmechanismus. Psychopharmakotherapie 19:253–259

    Google Scholar 

  • Von Knorring AL, Olsson GI, Thomsen PH, Lemming OM, Hultén A (2006) A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of citalopram in adolescents with major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychopharm 26:311–315

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner KD, Ambrosini P, Rynn M (2003) Efficacy of sertraline in the treatment of children and adolescents with major depressive disorder: two randomized controlled trials. JAMA 290:1033–1041 (Sertraline Pediatric Depression Study Group)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner KD, Robb AS, Findling RL, Jin J, Gutierrez MM, Heydorn WE (2004a) A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of citalopram for the treatment of major depression in children and adolescents. Am J Psychiatry 161:1079–1083

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner KD, Berard R, Stein MB et al (2004b) A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of paroxetine in children and adolescents with social anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiat 61:1153–1162

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner KD, Jonas J, Findling RL, Ventura D, Saikali K (2006) A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of escitalopram in the treatment of pediatric depression. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 45:280–288

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walkup JT, Labellarte MJ, Riddle MA et al (2001) Fluvoxamine for the treatment of anxiety disorders in children and adolescent. N Engl J Med 344:1279–1285 (for the Research Unit on Pediatric Psychopharmacology Anxiety Study Group)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh BT, Develin MJ (1992) The pharmacologic treatment of eating disorders. Psychiatr Clin North Am 15:149–160

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh BT, Seidman SN, Sysko R, Gould M (2002) Placebo response in studies of major depression: Variable, substantial, and growing. JAMA 287:1840–1847

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh BT, Kaplan AS, Attia E et al (2006) Fluoxetine after weight restoration in anorexia nervosa: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 295:2605–2612 (Erratum in: JAMA (2007) 298: 2008, JAMA (2006) 296: 934)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang K, Sun A, Li L, Tu M, Jiang H (2014) Involvement of organic cation transporter 2 inhibition in potential mechanisms of antidepressant action. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 53:90–98

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weber W, Vander SA, McCarty RL, Weiss NS, Biederman J, McClellan J (2008) Hypericum perforatum (St John’s wort) for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adol-escents: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 299:2633–2641

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Weller TE, Weller RA, Davis GP (2000) Use of venlafaxine in children and adolescents: a review of current literature. Depress Anxiety 1(Suppl 12):85–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Werneke U, Horn O, Taylor DM (2004) How effective is St John’s wort? The evidence revisited. J Clin Psychiat 65:611–617

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White MA, Grilo CM (2013) Bupropion for overweight women with binge-eating disorder: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiat 74:400–406

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whittington C, Kendall T, Fonagy P, Cottrell D, Cotgrove A, Boddington E (2004) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in childhood depression: systematic review of published versus unpublished data. Lancet 363:1341–1345

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox CS, Cohn JB, Katz BB, Mijares CP, Guarino JJ, Panagides J, DeFrancisco DF (1994) A double-blind, placebo-controlled study comparing mianserin and amitriptyline in moderately depressed outpatients. Int Clin Psychopharm 9:271–279

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams JW Jr, Mulrow CD, Chiquette E, Noël PH, Aguilar C, Cornell J (2000) A systematic review of newer pharmacotherapies for depression in adults: evidence report summary. Ann Intern Med 132:743–756

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams K, Brignell A, Randall M, Silove N, Hazell P (2013) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 8:CD004677

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Woggon B (1993) The role of moclobemide in endogenous depression: a survey of recent data. Int Clin Psychopharm 7:137–139

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wong IC, Besag FM, Santosh PJ, Murray ML (2004) Use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in children and adolescents. Drug Saf 27:991–1000

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wood JG, Crager JL, Delap CM, Heiskell KD (2007) Beyond methylphenidate: Nonstimulant medications for youth with ADHD. J Attent Disord 11:341–350

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang LP, Scott LJ (2010) Escitalopram: in the treatment of major depressive disorder in adolescent patients. Paediatr Drugs 12:155–163

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zuckerman ML, Vaughan BL, Whitney J et al (2007) Tolerability of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in thirty-nine children under age seven: a retrospective chart review. J Child Adol Psychop 17:165–174

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- u. Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik u. Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit, Füchsleinstraße 15, 97080, Würzburg, Deutschland

    Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. Regina Taurines, Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Manfred Gerlach & Prof. Dr. med. Andreas Warnke

Authors
  1. Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. Regina Taurines
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Manfred Gerlach
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Prof. Dr. med. Andreas Warnke
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Manfred Gerlach .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Zentrum für Seelische Gesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

    Manfred Gerlach

  2. Privatklinik für Seelische Gesundheit, J, HEMERA Klinik, Bad Kissingen, Germany

    Claudia Mehler-Wex

  3. Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatri, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

    Susanne Walitza

  4. Zentrum für Seelische Gesundheit, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Bayern, Germany

    Andreas Warnke

  5. Abteilung Kinder Jugendpsychiatrie, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Köln, Germany

    Christoph Wewetzer

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Taurines, R., Gerlach, M., Warnke, A. (2016). Antidepressiva. In: Gerlach, M., Mehler-Wex, C., Walitza, S., Warnke, A., Wewetzer, C. (eds) Neuro-/Psychopharmaka im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48624-5_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48624-5_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-48623-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-48624-5

  • eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation