Abstract
Natural killer cells have a different way of looking at MHC molecules as compared to T-cells. The relationship between NK cells and MHC molecules was originally proposed by Klaas Kärre’s ‘missing self’ hypothesis which assumed that NK cells screen other cells for the absence of MHC molecules.1–5 This hypothesis has been proven correct in essence.’ NK cells express group-specific receptors for MHC molecules.6 These receptors can be either inhibitory (killer inhibitory receptors, KIR), or activatory. In addition, NK cells express activatory receptors that recognize structures expressed on many cell types. If an NK cell binds to a normal MHC expressing cell, both inhibitory and activatory receptors are engaged. This leads to a dominant inhibitory effect so that no activation takes place. If a target cell has lost MHC expression, however, the inhibitory receptor does not find its ligand, and as a consequence, the target cell is killed. A number of KIRs both on human and mouse cells have been identified.7,8 Originally, receptors of different gene families were discovered in mice and humans and only recently evidence that the two families exist in both species has been provided.b6,8–11 Therefore, the best known mouse receptors are of the lectin receptor type, whereas the most intensively studied human ones belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Each of the mouse receptors, Ly49 A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H, is specific for a different selection of H-2 molecules (see Table 5.1). Similarly, each of the human receptors, NKAT1 through NKAT4, recognizes a certain epitope on the HLA class I molecule that defines its recognition pattern (Table 5.1).8,12–14 Each NK cell expresses several KIRs; their combination, relative density, and functional significance is dependent on inheritance and selection processes during their ontogeny, details of which are not well known, however.15–19
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Rammensee, HG., Bachmann, J., Stevanović, S. (1997). Recognition by Immune Cells. In: MHC Ligands and Peptide Motifs. Molecular Biology Intelligence Unit. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-22162-4_5
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