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Intestinal Permeation of Water

  • Chapter
Pharmacology of Intestinal Permeation I

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 70 / 1))

Abstract

Water is the main constituent of the human body. The weight fraction in males varies between 59% at age 10–16 years and 52% above 60 years; in females the water content is a few percent lower (Edelman and Leibman 1959). Several basic data of water homeostasis in the human under normal conditions of body temperature regulation are compiled in Table 1. In comparison with other mammals such as dog, beef, elephant, rabbit, and rat the daily water intake of the human is low when expressed as a percentage of body weight (Fitzsimons 1979). Clearly, over extended periods of time, intestinal water absorption and the water recovered from the metabolism of nutrients have to be equal to the combined water loss via the kidneys, intestine, lung, and skin. Whereas renal mechanisms are known as regulatory systems which preserve the dynamic water equilibrium of the organism, for example the effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the distal nephron, little is known of feedback systems between water demand and intestinal water absorption. Up to enormously high amounts of daily oral water intake, for instance in the case of diabetes insipidus, practically all the water ingested is absorbed. Hence, the amount of intestinal water absorption appears to be primarily determined by the rate of oral water intake. Oral water intake, in turn, is controlled by our consciousness, specifically by thirst. Considerable progress has been made in elucidating the factors coupling water homeostasis and the sensation of thirst, as reviewed by Fitzsimons (1979) and Peters (1980).

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Authors
  1. K. Turnheim
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA

    Tihamér Z. Csáky M.D. (Professor of Pharmacology) (Professor of Pharmacology)

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Turnheim, K. (1984). Intestinal Permeation of Water. In: Csáky, T.Z. (eds) Pharmacology of Intestinal Permeation I. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 70 / 1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69505-6_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69505-6_11

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