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Use of CpG DNA for Enhancing Specific Immune Responses

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Immunobiology of Bacterial CpG-DNA

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 247))

Abstract

Bacterial DNA, in contrast to vertebrate DNA, has the capacity to act as a potent immune stimulator (Tokunaga et al. 1984; Messina et al. 1991; Yamamoto et al. 1992b). This is now known to be due to unmethylated CpG dinucleotides that are immunostimulatory when present within the context of certain flanking bases (CpG-S motifs) (Krieg et al. 1995). CpG dinucleotides are present at the expected frequency of 1/16 bases in bacterial DNA but are under-represented (1/50–1/60 bases) in vertebrate DNA, where they are almost always methylated (Bird et al. 1987). CpG-S motifs are virtually absent from vertebrate DNA, and the rapid immune activation in response to CpG DNA appears to be an evolutionary adaptation whereby CpG-S motifs act as a “danger” signal that the vertebrate innate immune defense mechanisms can recognize and respond to (Krieg et al. 1996).

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  1. Loeb Health Research Institute, 725 Parkdale Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E9, Canada

    H. L. Davis

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  1. Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene der Technischen Universität München, Trogerstr. 9, D-81675, München, Germany

    Hermann Wagner Ph.D.

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Davis, H.L. (2000). Use of CpG DNA for Enhancing Specific Immune Responses. In: Wagner, H. (eds) Immunobiology of Bacterial CpG-DNA. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 247. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59672-8_12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59672-8_12

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